1774-1872
Guide to the Microfilm Edition
Encoding sponsored by the Massachusetts Society of the
Cincinnati.
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| Creator: | Heath, William,
1737-1814 |
| Title: | William Heath papers |
| Dates: | 1774-1872 |
| Physical Description: | 46
reels |
| Call Number: | Ms. N-1386 |
| Microfilm Call Number: | P-205 |
| Repository: | Massachusetts Historical Society 1154 Boylston Street Boston, MA 02215
library@masshist.org |
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Abstract:
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The papers of William Heath document his
Revolutionary War military service in the Continental Army as a field commander
(1776-77) and as commander of the Eastern District (Mar. 1777-June 1779) and
the Lower Hudson (N.Y.) district (June 1779-1783).
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2 Mar. 1737
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Born in Roxbury, Mass., the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Payson)
Heath.
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19 Apr. 1759
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Married Sarah Lockwood of Cambridge, Mass.
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1761
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Elected member of the Massachusetts General Court representing
Roxbury.
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1765
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Joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in Boston.
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1771
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Re-elected to the Massachusetts General Court.
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1774-1775
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Member of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress.
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8 Dec. 1774
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Appointed brigadier-general by the Provincial Assembly of Massachusetts.
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June 1775
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Promoted to the rank of major-general of Massachusetts forces.
At the Battle of Bunker Hill.
Appointed brigadier-general of the Continental Army under George
Washington.
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9 Aug. 1776
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Promoted to major-general in the Continental service.
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Jan. 1777
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Led an unsuccessful attack on Ft. Independence (ICY.).
Placed in command of the Eastern Military District, with headquarters in
Boston.
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1779
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Placed in command of the Lower Hudson District while George Washington
was in Yorktown with Main Army.
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1 July 1783
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Returned to his farm in Roxbury, Mass.
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1788
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Served as a member of the State convention which ratified the
Constitution.
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1791-1792
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Member of the Massachusetts Senate.
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1792
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Appointed judge, Probate Court, Norfolk County, Mass.
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1806
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Elected lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, declined to serve.
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24 Jan. 1814
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Died in Roxbury, Mass.
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The William Heath papers consist of 46 reels of microfilm. The bulk of the
collection concerns military matters during the American Revolution. Heath
served in the Continental Army from its inception to its dissolution in 1783.
The papers cover his service as a field commander, 1776-1777; his command of
the Eastern District, Mar. 1777-June 1779; and the Lower Hudson District, June
1779-1783. The collection consists of loose papers, diaries, and orderly
books.
This collection consists of 31 numbered volumes on 46 reels of microfilm.
Reels 1-26 contain loose papers formerly bound into 26 vols. These materials
are arranged chronologically according to the original sequence in the volumes.
The items have two sets of numbers on them: 1) the original volume and page
numbers which are marked on the back of each document and 2) a second set of
page numbers on the front of each document assigned during disbinding. Although
the page numbers changed slightly, the order of the documents remained the
same. The volume and reel numbers are equivalent, although many reels have been
split between two reels of microfilm. Volume 17, for example, is located on
reels 17 and 17B.
Each item has been individually cataloged in the MHS manuscript catalog,
published by G. K. Hall in 1969 as the Catalog of
Manuscripts in the Massachusetts Historical Society. Each entry
contains a volume and page number indicating its exact location on the
microfilm. Because the materials are not in perfect chronological order and
because many documents have been misfiled, this is the most exact way of
locating a document on the microfilm.
If the G. K. Hall catalog is not available, two indexes are helpful in
determining the approximate location of items on the microfilm. The first index
is known as the "26 Volume Index" and is Volume 27 of the collection. It has
been filmed at the beginning of each reel except for the split reels described
above. Volume 27 was not filmed separately and does not have a corresponding
reel number: there is no reel 27. The second index is actually an individual
volume index filmed at the beginning of its corresponding reel. Both indexes
contain an alphabetical list of names and page numbers. The separate volume
indexes also contain occasional descriptions of the contents of documents.
Both indexes refer only to the original numbering system. Page references in
the indexes do not match the page numbers on the front of each document, but
the items remain in their original order.
Reels 28-29 contain Heath's orderly books, 1776-1783. Reel 29B also includes
miscellaneous papers, 1775-1872 (see collection description for more
information). Heath's diaries, 1775-1804, are on reels 30-31.
The papers were purchased from the heirs of William Heath by Amos A.
Lawrence, who in turn donated them to the Massachusetts Historical Society in
May 1859. Additional miscellaneous materials were donated in 1970 by Mrs.
Robert G. Peck of Chicago, IL.
On microfilm, P-205, 46 reels.
Selections published in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, 5th series, Vol. 4 (1878); 7th series, Vols. 4 and 5 (1904-5).
Note: If it is available, consult the published
Catalog of Manuscripts of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, (G.K. Hall, 1969) to determine the volume and page number of
each individual document.
Note: There is no reel 27. The contents of volume
27 appear at the beginning of each reel except where the reels have been split:
i.e., on reel 12, but not 12B, etc.
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| Reel | Contents |
| Papers,
1774-1814
The papers, 1774-1814, contain correspondence from prominent political and
military figures of the time, including over 300 pieces of correspondence from
George Washington. Subjects include recruitment, troop movements, appointment
of officers, pay, courts-martial, morale, discipline, desertion, and British
prisoners of war. There are numerous warrants, petitions, guard reports, and
returns. Many letters concern provisions, arms, and ammunition. The letters
relate primarily to the details of military life and the conduct of the
war.
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| Reel 1 | | Vol. 1,
18 Aug. 1774 -31 Oct.
1776 |
| Reel 2 | | Vol. 2,
1 Sept. - 19 Dec.
1776 |
| Reel 3 | | Vol. 3,
19 Dec. 1776 - 7 Apr.
1777 |
| Reel 4 | | Vol. 4,
7 Apr. - 1 June
1777 |
| Reel 5 | | Vol. 5,
2 June - 31 July 1777 |
| Reel 6 | | Vol. 6,
1 Aug. - 25 Oct. 1777 |
| Reel 7 | | Vol. 7,
25 Oct. - 26 Dec. 1777 |
| Reel 8 | | Vol. 8,
1 Jan. - 13 Mar. 1778 |
| Reel 9 | | Vol. 9,
14 Mar. - 31 May 1778 |
| Reel 10 | | Vol. 10,
1 June - 2 Aug. 1778 |
| Reel 11 | | Vol. 11,
2 Aug. - 12 Oct. 1778 |
| Reel 12 | | Vol. 12,
12 Oct. 1778 - 3 May 1779 |
| Reel 12B | | Vol. 12,
4 May - 20 May 1779 |
| Reel 13 | | Vol. 13,
21 May - 10 Aug. 1779 |
| Reel 13B | | Vol. 13,
10 Aug. - 31 Aug. 1779 |
| Reel 14 | | Vol. 14,
1 Sept. - 23 Dec. 1779 |
| Reel 14B | | Vol. 14,
24 Dec. - 31 Dec. 1779 |
| Reel 15 | | Vol. 15,
1 Jan. - 13 Feb. 1780 |
| Reel 15B | | Vol. 15,
13 Feb. - 22 Apr. 1780 |
| Reel 16 | | Vol. 16,
22 Apr. - 12 Aug. 1780 |
| Reel 16B | | Vol. 16,
12 Aug. - 30 Aug. 1780 |
| Reel 17 | | Vol. 17,
31 Aug. - 12 Nov. 1780 |
| Reel 17B | | Vol. 17,
13 Nov. - 23 Nov. 1780 |
| Reel 18 | | Vol. 18,
23 Nov. 1780 - 15 Jan. 1781 |
| Reel 18B | | Vol. 18,
15 Jan. - 15 Feb. 1781 |
| Reel 19 | | Vol. 19,
15 Feb. - 7 Apr. 1781 |
| Reel 19B | | Vol. 19,
7 Apr. - 30 May 1781 |
| Reel 20 | | Vol. 20,
4 June - 14 Sept. 1781 |
| Reel 20B | | Vol. 20,
14 Sept. - 23 Sept. 1781 |
| Reel 21 | | Vol. 21,
23 Sept. - 20 Oct. 1781 |
| Reel 21B | | Vol. 21,
20 Oct. - 30 Oct. 1781 |
| Reel 22 | | Vol. 22,
1 Nov. - 30 Nov. 1781 |
| Reel 22B | | Vol. 22,
30 Nov. - 23 Dec. 1781 |
| Reel 23 | | Vol. 23,
23 Dec. 1781 - 5 Feb. 1782 |
| Reel 23B | | Vol. 23,
5 Feb. 1782 - 22 Feb. 1782 |
| Reel 24 | | Vol. 24,
22 Feb. - 10 Apr. 1782 |
| Reel 24B | | Vol. 24,
10 Apr. - 8 May 1782 |
| Reel 25 | | Vol. 25,
8 May 1782 - 17 July 1782 |
| Reel 25B | | Vol. 25,
17 July - 6 Aug. 1782 |
| Reel 26 | | Vol. 26,
6 Aug. - 23 Dec. 1783 |
| Reel 26B | | Vol. 26,
28 Jan. 1784 - 3 Jan. 1814 |
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| Orderly books,
1776-1783
The orderly books, 1776-1783, are located on reels 28, 29, and 29B. They
contain resolves sent by the Continental Congress and the war office, general
orders and appointments from George Washington, and Heat's orders to his
commanding officers in the field. The orderly books are general and procedural
in nature.
Subjects covered in the orderly books are: army and camp regulations for
officers and soldiers, behavior, morale, desertion, discipline, punishment,
courts-martial, the abuse of private and public properties (plunder and pillage
of fields, gardens and fences), prisoner of war care, health and sanitation.
There are detailed instructions for alarms and the use of arms and
ammunition.
There are gaps in the orderly books. There are no orders from July 1778 -
Feb. 1779, Mar. 1780 - Jan. 1781, and Dec. 1782 - Mar. 1783. Entries within the
volumes are not in strict chronological order, particularly from 23 June 1779
-July 1781 during Heath's command of the Lower Hudson district.
Some sections of the orderly books were filmed out of order.
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| Reel 28 | | Vol. 28,
17 Aug. 1776 - 3 Feb. 1780 Orders for 30 June - 7 Nov. 1779 are followed by Massachusetts Bay accounts
and receipts with William Heath for monies paid and received for enlisting
troops, 21 Oct. 1779 - 3 Feb. 1780. There is a single oversize account dated 1
Apr. 1780.
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| Reel 29 | | Vol. 29,
7 Feb. 1780 - 10 July 1782 Begins with orders 23 June 1779 - 5 Feb. 1780 (Many are not in strict
chronological order). Orders for 26 Jan. - 21 Feb. 1780 follow 23 Apr. 1781.
(These entries are not in chronological order.) Orders for 18 Apr. - 2 May 1782
follow 20 June 1782.
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| Reel 29B | | Vol. 29,
11 July 1782 - 22 June 1783 |
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| Reel 29B | Miscellaneous papers,
1775-1872
Miscellaneous papers, 1775-1872, located on Reel 29B include non-military
materials. There are receipts for Heath's funeral in 1814 and a receipt to
Samuel Heath dated 1744 (this item falls outside the nominal inclusive dates of
the collection).
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| Diaries,
1775-1804
The diaries of William Heath, 1775-1804, are located on microfilm reels 30
and 31. There are gaps from Dec. 1798-July 1801 and 22 Aug. 1802 - Feb.
1803.
Diary entries during the war include Heath's comments on daily military
life. Subjects covered during the war years include location and possible
movements of the enemy, Main and Northern Army locations, marches, brigade
distribution, prisoner escapes, courts-martial, executions, work details, the
reenlistment of troops, the personal health of Heath (including his smallpox
inoculation on 21 Apr. 1776 and its after effects), and the movements of the
French fleet and army. Some battles and skirmishes are also described. Friendly
and enemy casualty figures are often listed.
After the war, diary entries refer to global events, including politics,
wars, and natural catastrophes, in particular French politics and conflicts
between 1789 and 1793. Daily weather reports are given as are family
milestones, i.e., births, marriages, and deaths.
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| Reel 30 | | Vol. 30,
29 June 1775 - 13 Feb. 1785 |
| Reel 31 | | Vol. 31,
14 Feb. 1785 - 14 Oct. 1804 |
William Heath papers, Massachusetts Historical Society
This collection is indexed under the following headings in
ABIGAIL,
the online catalog of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Researchers
desiring materials about related persons, organizations, or subjects should
search the catalog using these headings.
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| Persons: |
| | Burgoyne, John,
1722-1792. |
| | Hancock, John,
1737-1793. |
| | Knox, Henry,
1750-1806. |
| | Lee, Charles,
1731-1782. |
| | Sullivan, John,
1740-1795. |
| | Washington, George,
1732-1799. |
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| Organizations: |
| | United States. Continental Army.
Eastern District. |
| | United States. Continental Army.
Lower Hudson District. |
| | United States. Continental
Army--Officers. |
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| Subjects: |
| | Courts-martial and courts of
inquiry. |
| | France--History--Revolution,
1789-1799--Foreign public opinion, American. |
| | Hudson Highlands
(N.Y.)--History--Revolution, 1775-1783. |
| | Orderly books. |
| | United
States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--American forces. |
| | United
States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Campaigns. |
| | United
States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Equipment and supplies. |
| | United
States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Muster rolls. |
| | United
States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Personal narratives. |
| | United
States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Prisoners and prisons. |
| | Weather. |
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