Index
Browse by Letter
Continental Congress
subentries
Letters (to president)195
From Commissioners (1778)5
revaluation of currency by36
and accession to armed neutrality25
issues bills of exchange21
and revocation of JA's powers (1781)18
appoints commissioners to negotiate commercial treaties17
commends JA for representations on revaluation16
draws bills of exchange on diplomats in Europe16
appoints Franklin minister to France13
elects JA to negotiate Anglo-American treaties13
fails to recall or appoint JA to new position13
JA defends revaluation of currency by13
need to appoint Amer. ministers to European courts13
and Franco-American treaties12
appointment and compensation of Commissioners by (1776-1777)12
conduct of foreign relations by12
and Deane-Lee controversy11
and JA's dispute with Vergennes11
appoints committee of thirteen to consider charges against JA and other Commissioners11
changes in places of meeting11
efforts to put finances in order11
negotiation of treaty with Barbary States11
appoints Dana minister to Russia10
JA chairman of Board of War and Ordnance10
JA sends newspapers and pamphlets to10
plan of treaties, appointment of, and instructions to 1st joint mission to France10
and Burgoyne's surrender terms9
and Dumas’ status and finances9
approves JA’s letter to Vergennes in defense of new monetary policy9
bills drawn by, on Commissioners9
commissions JA to raise Dutch loan9
elects Laurens to raise loan in Netherlands9
elects minister to Spain9
fails to communicate with diplomats in Europe9
indecision on assignment of duties to JA9
on reconciliation and Conciliatory Acts9
warned against issuing bills of exchange9
AA critical of support for ministers abroad8
alters JA’s sole powers to joint powers to negotiate peace8
and commercial agents in Europe8
and dispute over command of Alliance and control of naval vessels8
appointment of consuls by8
appoints JA minister to Great Britain8
correspondence with ministers in Europe8
JA’s commission and letters of credence to the States General and William V8
provides compensation for ministers and secretaries8
resolution and preamble on instituting state governments8
rights and grievances of, set forth and discussed8
sends JA commissions and instructions as minister to Netherlands8
actions taken in Adams-Vergennes controversy7
and Johnstone’s efforts to bribe members of7
and supplies received from Beaumarchais7
debates on and measures leading to establishment of U.S. Navy7
JA analyzes European political situation for7
relations between members of7
requires Commissioners to pay interest on loan office certificates in Europe7
1st joint mission to France dissolved6
adopts instructions for negotiation of Anglo-American treaties6
and Carlisle conciliatory commission6
and Carlisle Peace Commission6
and JA’s desire to seek vindication from charges made in6
and need to promote harmony among Amer. diplomats6
commissions and instructions for joint peace commission6
conference of delegates with Lord Howe on Staten Island6
draws bills on the Commissioners6
election of secretaries for European missions6
instructions to joint peace commissioners6
North-South division over fisheries in6
Plan of and Articles of Confederation6
resolution regarding loyalist claims6
revokes JA’s powers to negotiate commercial treaty with Great Britain6
salaries of foreign ministers6
taxation and sources of revenue for6
and 1st joint commission created by5
and currency depreciation5
and Deane’s request to return to France5
and foundation of American rights5
and negotiation and ratification of Franco-American treaties5
appointment of replacement for JA in the Netherlands (1785)5
appoints and instructs JA as minister to treat of peace and commerce with Great Britain5
appoints J. Laurens to raise French loans5
Commissioners request instructions from5
considers and votes on charges against JA and others in report of committee of thirteen5
contract for loan with Neufville5
deletes Arts. 11 and 12 from French commercial treaty5
fails to receive adequate intelligence from diplomats in Europe5
French influence on deliberations of5
inquiry into Ticonderoga retreat5
makes good no soldiers' or sufferers' losses5
Marine Committee investigates Bradford's accounts5
measures for a professional army promoted by JA5
negotiation of Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty5
plan and regulations for cruising on British trade5
and controversy over goods left by Gillon4
and JA’s correspondence with Vergennes on A. Lee4
and need to persuade France and Spain to reinforce fleet in America4
and proposal that members be prohibited from being appointed to office4
and ratification of Arts. of Confederation4
and the Deane-Lee controversy4
appoints J. Johnson to audit public accounts4
appoints WSS as secy. to legation in London4
comments on foreign policy of4
Commissioners’ correspondence with4
commissions JA to negotiate Dutch-American treaty4
commitment to and status under Franco-American alliance4
committee to revise regulations of post office4
committee to state colonial rights and its report (“Declaration of Rights”)4
debates and resolves on nonimportation and nonexportation (“Continental Association”)4
debates on state of Amer. trade (“Continental Association”)4
debating, drafting, and voting Declaration of Independence4
deficiencies in and favoritism toward conservative faction in Thomson's record of proceedings4
faulty communication with ministers abroad4
flight from Philadelphia to Lancaster and York4
instructions on Dutch-American treaty4
intercession in prize cases by4
JA on popular support for4
JA's extracts from proceedings on various subjects4
La Luzerne consults with4
letters to Committee of Secret Correspondence4
Lord North’s conciliatory proposals rejected4
loyalist attitudes toward4
needs ministers at maritime courts4
nonimportation, nonconsumption, and nonexportation agreement (“Continental Association”)4
receives Anglo-American Peace Treaty4
requisitions from states by4
responds to Carlisle Commission’s Manifesto4
treatment of its reports and letters sent to4
turns down Charlestown petition for compensation4
adjourns at Baltimore and reassembles at Philadelphia3
adjourns early for lack of work3
admonishes JA for corr. with Vergennes3
adopts commissions for negotiation of Anglo-American treaties3
and charge that France distrusted A. Lee3
and conciliatory mission of Howe brothers3
and Continental Association3
and embargo on export of commodities3
and Howe's letter to colonial governors granting pardons3
and recall of diplomats in Europe3
and the capture of C. Lee3
appointment and work of Board of War3
appoints JA to negotiate Anglo-American treaties3
appoints John Lamb to negotiate treaty with Barbary states3
British believe has no authority3
British comments on and perception of3
calls for increased taxation by the states3
conflicts of federal and state power3
continuation of, deemed necessary3
determined to refuse peace short of independence3
dissolves joint mission to France3
elects Morris superintendent of finance3
estimates U.S. population3
instructions on loyalists3
investigates loss of Ticonderoga3
James Warren refuses to serve in3
JA plans to resign commissions3
JA refuses to send Mazzei letter to3
JA's defense of Esek Hopkins3
JA's intercepted letters and resulting contretemps with Dickinson3
joint commission to accept Austro-Russian mediation3
letters from Commissioners to the president listed (1778)3
martial law proposed to exact state compliance with levies3
need to supervise those appointed by3
north-south voting blocs in3
not informed of JA's published replies to Pownall and Galloway3
permits Commissioners at other courts to draw for expenses on the Commissioners at Paris3
plan of and Articles of Confederation3
recall of Deane and election of JA as joint commissioner3
recommends price controls3
reduces diplomats' salaries3
rejects a separate peace3
reorganizes quartermaster's department3
reported capture of dispatches for3
reports of actions by, printed in Affaires
3
representation and voting in3
resolution censuring Amer. commissioners3
resolution concerning JA’s salary3
resolution of and voting of independence3
resolutions on exchange rate of currency3
revokes JA’s power to negotiate Anglo-Amer. commercial treaty3
seeks deployment of French fleet in Amer. waters3
AA2 on treatment of Amer. diplomats by2
address to the people of Quebec2
adjourns from Philadelphia and reassembles in Baltimore2
adopts Address to the Inhabitants of Great Britain2
adopts free ships make free goods2
and admission of new states2
and boards of nonmembers2
and British reconciliation proposals2
and commutation of Army pay2
and compensation for Austin2
and conference with Lord Howe2
and Franco-American alliance2
and JA’s letter concerning John Temple2
and JA's “Peace Journal”2
and Mass.-N.Y. boundary dispute2
and negotiation of Franco-American treaties2
and proposed attack on British whale fishery2
and publication of Amer. constitutions2
and retaliation against British actions2
and Silas Deane's accounts2
appointment of Dutch minister to2
appointment of Laurens to negotiate loan with Netherlands2
appoints commercial agents2
appoints committee to confer with Washington on supporting the army2
appoints Dana to negotiate Russo-American treaty2
appoints Gates to command southern department2
appoints interim committee of states2
appoints JA as Commissioner (1777)2
appoints JA as minister to Britain2
appoints JA temporary agent to Netherlands2
appoints J. Laurens to raise French loan2
appoints Lamb to treat with Barbary states2
appoints ministers as consuls2
appoints minister to the Netherlands2
approves JA’s accounts for 1st joint commission2
becomes focus of Franco-American relations2
Carpenters' Hall chosen as meeting place2
cession of western lands to2
commission and instructions to conclude tripartite Alliance2
Commissioners’ accounts and Treasury Board’s report2
commissions JA to negotiate triple or quadruple alliance2
Committee of Foreign Affairs and abortive proposal for a loan by Neufville firm2
committee on violations of rights2
committee to go to Canada2
committee to propose design for Great Seal of U.S.2
committee to visit Canada2
conduct of foreign affairs by2
conference of delegates with Lord Howe at Staten Island2
considers charges by Carmichael against Deane2
considers memorial on behalf of French creditors2
criticized in England and Parliament2
debates, adopts, and submits Articles of Confederation to states2
debates on fortifying the Highlands2
declines to thank Provost William Smith for his Oration on Montgomery's death or to print it2
Diego de Gardoqui addresses2
difficulties communicating with2
difficulties of Board of Treasury2
efforts to obtain Laurens' release2
election of JA as minister to treat of peace and commerce with Great Britain2
elects JA joint commissioner to France, replacing Silas Deane2
elects Livingston secretary for foreign affairs2
employment of foreign officers by2
expiration of commissions to negotiate commercial treaties2
forged resolve of, published2
Franklin critical of JA's Dutch loans2
French interests in actions taken re JA2
goods left by Gillon in Netherlands and2
hears motions critical of Amer. diplomats2
inquires into Gates' conduct at Camden2
instructions on free navigation of Mississippi2
instructions on treatment of neutral ships2
instructs Commissioners to procure ships of the line from France (1776)2
intelligence sources for2
invites Price to advise on finances2
JA appeals to on behalf of colleagues2
JA appointed temporary agent to the Netherlands2
JA commissioned minister to States General vice Henry Laurens to negotiate treaty of amity and commerce2
JA critical of support for ministers abroad2
JA informs of his activities and return to America with La Luzerne2
JA's defense of David Wooster2
JA's “Peace Journal” comes before2
JA's resolutions for encouraging agriculture and manufactures2
JA's service and advocacy of independence in2
letter charging JA failed as Commissioner submitted to2
letters (by president) to JA listed (1781)2
military pensions established2
ministers receive no official communications from2
needs minister to the Netherlands2
negotiation and ratification of treaty with Morocco2
Olive Branch Petition of2
“Olive Branch” Petition to the King2
orders harmony among Amer. diplomats2
pays Izard's salary and expenses2
power relative to states2
prohibits naval commissions for French officers2
promotion of Dutch-American trade by2
proposed address to the American people2
proposed appointment of peace negotiators by2
proposes joint commission to treat of commerce with Great Britain2
ratifies commercial treaty with Netherlands2
ratifies Prussian-Amer. treaty2
receives copies of JA’s memorials of 19 April2
regulates post office and franking privileges2
relationship to Continental Army and militia2
report on treatment of prisoners of war2
resolution approving Suffolk Resolves2
resolution calling for continued contributions for Boston2
resolution on salaries of JA and Dana2
resolutions on compensation for army officers2
resolutions reorganizing the Continental medical service2
resolution to pardon Americans in British army2
resolves on retaliation against British prisoners for treatment of Amer.2
revises instructions and commissions for W. Lee and R. Izard2
rotation of membership in2
rumored intentions for JA2
rumor of flight from Philadelphia2
sends committee to confer with Gen. Schuyler at Ticonderoga2
sets state quotas for army2
Temples' claim for damages to Ten Hills Farm2
thanks Louis XVI for military and financial support2
AA2 imagines JQA as member of1
accounts with Francis Dana settled1
action on Rush-Shippen dispute over military hospitals1
actions on proposals of Hartford Convention1
acts to protect its members1
address to people of Great Britain1
adjourns at Philadelphia when Howe threatens the city1
adjourns for celebration of Fourth of July1
adjourns for lack of delegates1
adoption of Treaty Plan of 1776 by1
adopts Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms1
advises N.H. Provincial Convention to call for new form of government1
Amer. ministers expect orders from1
“A more serious Spirit prevails”1
and Anglo-American relations1
and authority of Parliament1
and British depredations1
and Carleton-Digby letter1
and Dumas as Amer. agent in Netherlands1
and embargo on naval stores1
and engravings of William Tell1
and financial improprieties in clothier general’s office1
and funds for outfitting South Carolina
1
and Joseph Galloway’s Plan of Union1
and Lee-Neufville treaty1
and mutiny of Penn. Line1
and peace based on uti posseditis
1
and peace negotiations in 17781
and responsibilities of JA and Franklin1
and secret contract with Roderigue Hortalès & Cie.1
and settlement of Ross’ accounts1
and treatment of British deserters1
and use of captured British seamen1
and Vermont independence movement1
anti-Massachusetts bias charged1
appointment of foreign ministers1
appointment of Laurens' secretary by1
appointment of Washington as commander1
appoints Amer. agent in Lisbon1
appoints and instructs JA as minister to Great Britain1
appoints and recalls Izard as Commissioner to Tuscany1
appoints commissioners to negotiate commercial treaties (1784)1
appoints commissioners to Spain, Tuscany, Prussia, and Austria (1777)1
appoints committee on destructive acts by British troops1
appoints Dana secretary to 2d joint commission1
appoints Dr. Church director and chief physician of Continental hospital1
appoints Dr. Morgan director general and chief physician of Continental hospitals1
appoints eight Continental brigadier generals1
appoints joint commissioners to negotiate treaties of amity and commerce1
appoints secretary for foreign affairs1
appoints secretary to Amer. commissioners1
appoints U.S. agent to Portugal1
appoints Wm. Palfrey first consul in France1
appoints WSS to inspect evacuation of N.Y.1
approves Suffolk Resolves1
aroused at the conduct of the British (1785)1
Articles of Confederation printed and submitted to the states1
asks Britain to appoint mininster to U.S.1
assumes Army claims and pays with Pierce's notes1
as “their High Mightinesses”1
“a strong jealousy” of New Englanders in1
attacks on foreign ministers in1
attempts to restrict imports from Great Britain1
attitudes toward JA and Franklin in1
authorizes negotiation of Dutch-Amer. treaty1
authorizes payment to Curson1
authorizes Pulaski’s “Legion”1
Barclay acts as commissioner of accounts1
Board of War and Ordnance1
Board of War's report recommending retaliation for British mistreatment of Amer. prisoners1
“Business is ... spun out to an immeasurable Length”1
business of summer session1
capacity and honor of, questioned1
commends officers for conduct at Camden1
commissioners' letter to, on loyalists, published1
commissions J. Laurens to assist Franklin1
committee from, expected in England1
Committee of 13 and charges against JA (1779)1
committee on captured papers of N.J. Quakers1
committee to design medal on evacuation of Boston1
committee to report on Sullivan's resignation1
committee to revise Articles of War1
committee to view Delaware River fortifications1
communication of proposal for Anglo-Amer. negotiations under Austro-Russian mediation to1
contracts with Roderigue Hortalez & Cie.1
controversy over plural officeholding1
Cotton Tufts on fears of stability of1
credentials of Mass. delegates to1
Dana seeks copy of Journals
1
Deane on self-importance of1
debate on Army clothing account1
debate on Conn.-Penn. land dispute1
debate on Galloway's plan of union1
debate on method of voting1
debate on mode of appointing Continental officers1
debate on Purviances' petition1
debate on stopping the “ministerial Post”1
debate on Willing & Morris gunpowder contract1
debates on Atlantic fisheries1
debates on territorial claims of certain states1
debates price-fixing measures1
debates procurement of gunpowder1
“Declaration of Independency” first mentioned1
Declaration of Rights and Grievances (1775)1
“Deliberations . . . spun out to an immeasurable Length”1
dispute with Washington rumored in France1
“Distinguished American” as policy statement of1
division in Va. delegation1
does not adjourn for hot days1
drafting and voting of Declaration of Independence1
effect of return of Jay and Laurens on plans of1
elects Jay to replace Laurens as president of1
elects person to examine accounts in Europe1
elects Washington commander in chief1
encourages desertions from British army1
establishes Board of War1
European interest in proceedings of1
excursion to inspect Delaware River defenses1
extends JA’s stay in Netherlands1
fails to support JA's mission1
financial difficulties of1
French forces ordered to cooperate with1
full representation from thirteen states1
“general Disposition to proceed slowly”1
gift of ship America to France voted1
gives France America to replace Magnifique
1
gives Laurens and Dana leave to return1
gives Washington extraordinary powers1
has 200 copies of Constitutions of the Several Independent States of America printed1
Huntington elected president of1
importation of all British goods prohibited1
inability to collect import duties1
informed by JA of long illness1
insists upon independence as price of peace1
instituting new state governments1
instructions regarding Portugal1
instructs Franklin on Atlantic fisheries1
interest due on Loan Office certificates1
“I wish We were good Architects”1
JA: “Congress has not cutt off our heads for making Peace, and that is some Comfort”1
JA advises on sugar production1
JA authorized to act in Laurens’ stead on financial matters1
JA consults on Prussian-American treaty1
JA describes routine of meetings and committee meetings1
JA negotiates loan with Dutch bankers for1
JA objects to clergymen serving as delegates1
JA on foreign alliances for1
JA on nonexportation as issue in1
JA provides letters of introduction for John Anstey to1
JA requests instructions from1
JA’s additional instructions regarding peace (1780)1
JA's campaign for independence rather than reconciliation1
JA's draft resolution concerning instructions to delegates1
JA sends correspondence with Vergennes to1
JA's list of measures to be taken up1
JA's memorandum of measures to be pursued1
JA’s notes on debates of1
JA's plan for a military establishment1
JA's proposal for rotating Mass. delegates1
JA's recollections of his proposed measures1
JA takes leave of for 17801
JA thinks that no European sovereign more enlightened than1
JA will not leave Britain until recalled by1
“jealousy” of Massachusetts in1
John Wentworth's intercepted letter read in1
journey of Mass. delegates to Philadelphia1
lack of financial support for JA criticized in London press1
lacks policy of dealing with debt1
Lafayette's return to America and1
Laurens' return to America and1
letter from JA listed (1781)1
letters (to president) from JA listed (1781)1
letters from JA to the president listed (1778)1
letters from JA to the president listed (1779)1
levies to support soldiers1
list of residences of delegates in Philadelphia1
“Little Things . . . designedly thrown in the Way of Great Ones”1
Livingston requests information from JA for1
makes arrangements for JA’s passage on La Sensible
1
makes requisition of funds from the states1
Massachusetts proposes convention to revise Confederation1
Massachusetts seeks guidance on art. 4 of peace treaty from1
Mass. delegates elected to1
medal voted to Washington1
memorandum of instructions on Anglo-American commercial treaty listed (1779)1
monetary cost of serving in1
motion to censure Wooster and Hopkins1
motion to recall ministers fails1
names Franklin to negotiate with Sweden1
names John Laurens special envoy to France1
nation’s financial problems addressed1
need to halt depreciation of currency1
“nibbling and quibbling—as usual”1
notification of Dutch recognition received1
nullifies Saratoga Convention1
Olive Branch Petition (1775)1
opposes granting habeas corpus1
opposes trade with Britain1
orders payment for capture of neutral Portuguese vessel1
orders portrait of Gérard1
papers transported from Philadelphia1
payment of interest on Loan Office certificates stopped1
people concerned about extending powers of1
people reportedly tired of government by1
permits seizure of West Indian vessels1
petition from Amer. prisoners at Mill Prison to1
petition to for private relief, No. 581
“plaid upon like Children” by French ministers1
policy of, toward Indians1
post office regulations passed1
power to pledge credit impaired1
Preliminary Treaty with Great Britain1
prints Constitutions, etc.1
prints Schuyler's letter on battle of Bennington1
prohibits Amer. ministers to have chapels1
proposed appointment of minister to Netherlands1
proposes to name minister to Netherlands1
publishes no official account of JA's presentation to King1
ratifies Preliminary Treaty with Great Britain1
ratifies treaty with Netherlands1
ratifies treaty with Prussia1
reaction to American Prohibitory Act1
receives blank dispatches from France1
receives copy of Commissioners’ Letterbook1
receives Memorial on Williams’ accounts from A. Lee1
receives report of Middlesex Convention1
receives report that JA's 1781 illness affected his brain1
recommends attack on British in R.I.1
recommends leniency for debtors1
refuses to print William Smith's oration1
regular printing of Journals authorized1
rejects Arnold-Forster cartel at The Cedars1
rejects British peace overtures1
rejects Franco-American consular convention1
rejects Franklin’s request to resign1
rejects sending ambassador to France (1775)1
relations with Washington1
“remarkable Want of Judgment in some of our Members”1
reportedly plans to leave Phila.1
repudiates Paine’s charges about French aid1
requests portraits of king and queen of France1
resolution on importation of gunpowder1
resolution on salaries for Amer. commissioners1
resolution praising Catherine II1
resolution regarding prizes1
resolution respecting prayers in1
resolutions for fitting out armed vessels1
resolutions on transport of British property1
resolves concerning “the eastern department”1
resolves that Dana should not present credentials1
resolves to adhere to the Armed Neutrality1
retaliates for cruel treatment of Amer. war prisoners1
rumored to cede portions of R.I. to France1
secret committee of correspondence and appointment of Deane as its agent in Europe1
seeks information on European armies1
seeks to raise European loan1
separation of judicial and legislative powers1
sole negotiator with foreign powers under Arts. of Confederation1
some in, favor creation of nobility1
sovereignty of U.S. resides in1
state land claims ceded to1
Sullivan delivers Howe's conciliation proposals to1
supplies JA with letters of credence to the States General1
suspends embarkation of Convention troops1
tactics in Va. campaign devised in concert with Washington1
“The Fidgets, the Whims, the Caprice, the Vanity ... of some of us”1
“There is a great Spirit in the Congress”1
toasted by Rotterdam merchants1
to investigate loss of forts1
“too irresolute, and backward”1
treachery within, suspected1
“treated with great freedom” by Rush1
treaties of alliance with foreign nations1
treatment of letters to president of, during second mission in Papers of JA
1
unfamiliar with German language1
urges drafting of militiamen1
votes commissions for Gates and Mifflin1
work of the Board of War1