Went to Versailles, and found it deserted, the Court being gone to Marli....We went
to Marli, met the Count de Vergennes and did some Business with him, then went to
Mr. De Sartine and after doing some business dined with him. His Lady was at home
and dined with the Company. The Prince de Monbarry [Montbarey], then Secretary of War, dined there. After dinner went to the Spanish Ambassadors,
the Count D'Aranda's Caffee, as they call it, where he gives Coffee, Ice Creams and
Cakes to all the World. Marli was the most curious and beautiful place I had yet seen.
In point of Magnificence it was not equal to Versailles but in Elegance and Taste,
superiour. The Machinery, which conveys such a great body of Water from the Seine
to Versailles, and through the Gardens of Marli is very complicated, and magnificent.
The Royal Palace is handsome and the Gardens before it are grand. There are six Pavillions,
on each side of the Garden, that is six Houses for the Residence of the Kings Ministers,
while the Royal Family is at Marli, which is only for three Weeks. There is nothing
prettier than the play of the fountains in the Garden. I saw a Rainbow in all its
glory in one of them. The Shades, the Walks, the Trees were the most charming I had
yet seen.
We had not time to visit Lucienne [Louvecienne], the elegant retreat for devotion, Penitence and Mortification of Madam Dubarry:
and indeed I had been in such a Reverie in the morning in passing Bellvue, that I
was not averse to postpone the Sight of another Object of the same kind to a future
Opportunity.
On the Road from Paris and from Passi to Versailles, beyond the River Seine and not
far from St. Cleod
[Cloud] but on the opposite side of the Way, stood a pallace of uncommon beauty in its Architecture,
situated on one of the finest Elevations in the neighbourhood of the River, commanding
a Prospect as rich and variegated as it was vast and sublime. For a few of the first
times that I went to Versailles I had other Things to occupy my Attention: but after
I had passed through my Ceremonies and began to feel myself more at Ease, I asked
some Questions about this place and was informed that it was called Bellevue and was
the Residence of the Kings Aunts Adelaide and
[Victoire,]1 two of the surviving Daughters of Louis the fifteenth. That this palace had been
built and this Establishment made by that Monarch for Madame Pompadour, whom he visited
here, almost every night for twenty Years, leaving a worthy Woman his virtuous Queen
{ 122 } alone at Versailles, with whom he had sworn never to sleep again.
2 I cannot describe the feelings, nor relate half the reflexions which this object
and history excited. Here were made Judges and Councillors, Magistrates of all Sorts,
Nobles and Knights of every order, Generals and Admirals, Ambassadors and other foreign
Ministers, Bishops, Archbishops, Cardinals and Popes, in the Arms of a Strumpet. Here
were directed all Eyes that wished and sought for Employment, Promotion and every
Species of Court favour. Here Voltaire and Richelieu and a thousand others of their
Stamp, obtained Royal favour and Commissions. Travellers of all Ranks and Characters
from all Parts of Europe, were continually passing from Paris to Versailles and spreading
the Fame of this House, its Inhabitants and Visitors and their Commerce, infamous
in every point of view, civil, political, moral and religious, all over the World.
The Eyes of all France had been turned to Bellevue, more than to Paris or Versailles.
Here Letters de Cachet, the highest Trust and most dangerous Instrument of arbitrary
Power in France were publickly sold, to any Persons who would pay for them, for any
the vilest Purposes of private Malice, Envy, Jealousy or Revenge or Cruelty. Here
Licences were sold to private Smugglers to contravene the Kings own Laws, and defraud
the public Revennue. Here were sold Dukedoms and Peerages, and even the Cordon blue
of the Knights of the Holy Ghost. Here still lived the Daughters of the last King
and the Aunts of the present. Instead of wondering that the Licentiousness of Women
was so common and so public in France, I was astonished that there should be any Modesty
or Purity remaining in the Kingdom, as there certainly was, though it was rare. Could
there be any Morality left among such a People where such Examples were set up to
the View of the whole Nation? Yes there was a Sort of Morality, there was a great
deal of humanity, and what appeared to me real benevolence. Even their politeness
was benevolence. There was a great deal of Charity and tenderness for the poor. There
were many other qualities that I could not distinguish from Virtues.... This very
Monarck had in him the Milk of human Kindness, and with all his open undisguised Vices
was very superstitious. Whenever he met the Host, he would descend from his Coach
and
[fall?]3 down upon his Knees in the Dust or even in the Mud and compell all his Courtiers
to follow his Example. Such are the Inconsistencies in the human Character.
{ 123 } From all that I had read of History and Government, of human Life and manners, I had
drawn this Conclusion, that the manners of Women were the most infallible Barometer,
to ascertain the degree of Morality and Virtue in a Nation. All that I have since
read and all the observations I have made in different Nations, have confirmed me
in this opinion. The Manners of Women, are the surest Criterion by which to determine
whether a Republican Government is practicable, in a Nation or not. The Jews, the
Greeks, the Romans, the Swiss, the Dutch, all lost their public Spirit, their Republican
Principles and habits, and their Republican Forms of Government, when they lost the
Modesty and Domestic Virtues of their Women.
What havock said I to myself, would these manners make in America? Our Governors,
our Judges, our Senators, or Representatives and even our Ministers would be appointed
by Harlots for Money, and their Judgments, Decrees and decisions be sold to repay
themselves, or perhaps to procure the smiles <and Embraces> of profligate Females.
The foundations of national Morality must be laid in private Families. In vain are
Schools, Accademies and universities instituted, if loose Principles and licentious
habits are impressed upon Children in their earliest years. The Mothers are the earliest
and most important Instructors of youth....The Vices and Examples of the Parents cannot
be concealed from the Children. How is it possible that Children can have any just
Sense of the sacred Obligations of Morality or Religion if, from their earliest Infancy,
they learn that their Mothers live in habitual Infidelity to their fathers, and their
fathers in as constant Infidelity to their Mothers. Besides the Catholic Doctrine
is, that the Contract of marriage is not only a civil and moral Engagement, but a
Sacrament, one of the most solemn Vows and Oaths of Religious devotion. Can they then
believe Religion and Morality too any thing more than a Veil, a Cloak, an hypocritical
Pretext, for political purposes of decency and Conveniency?