No. 2[dateline] Amsterdam Feby. 19th 1782
[salute] Sir
On the 14th. instant I had the honor to acknowledge the Receipt of your Duplicate
of the 23d. of October. To day Major Porter brought me your favor of the 20th. of
November, and the original of that of the 23d. of October.
I congratulate You, Sir, on the glorious News contained in these
{ 241 } Dispatches; but I cannot be of your Opinion, that great as it is, it will defeat
every Hope that Britain entertains of conquering a Country so defended. Vanity, Sir,
is a Passion capable of inspiring Illusions, which astonish all other Men, and the
Britains are without exception the vainest People upon Earth. By examining such a
Witness as Arnold, the Ministry can draw from him Evidence which will fully satisfy
the People of England, that the Conquest of America is still practicable. Sensible
Men see the Error; but they have seen it these twenty Years and lamented it until
their Hearts are broken. The Intention of Government seems to be to break the Spirit
of the Nation, and to bring affairs into so wretched a Situation, that all Men shall
see that they cannot be made better by new Ministers, or by the punishment of the
old ones. It is suggested that some Plan of Conciliation will be brought into Parliament,
but it will be only as deceitful as all the former ones. They begin to talk big, and
threaten to send Arnold with seventeen thousand Men to burn and destroy in the Northern
States; but this will prove but an annual Vapour.
I rejoice the more in Colo. Willet’s glorious Services, for a personal Knowledge and
Esteem I have for that officer.
Zoutman’s Battle on Doggersbank shews what the Nation could do. But—. It is somewhat
dangerous to write with perfect freedom concerning the Views and Principles of each
Party, as You desire. Indeed the Views of all Parties are involopped in Clouds and
Darkness. There are unerring Indications that all Parties agree secretly in this Principle,
that the Americans are right if they have Power. There is here and there an Individual
who says the Americans are wrong; but these are very few. The English Party are suspected
to have it in View to engage the Republick to join the English in the War against
France, Spain and America. The Prince is supposed to wish that this were practicable,
but to despair of it. Some of the great Proprietors of English Stocks, several great
mercantile Houses in the Service of the British Ministry, are thought to wish it too:
but if they are guilty of Wishes so injurious to their Country and Humanity, none
of them dare openly avow them. The Stadtholder is of opinion that his House has been
supported by England: that his office was created and is preserved by them. But I
dont see, why his office would not be as safe in an Alliance with France as with England,
unless he apprehends that the Republican Party would in that Case change Sides, connect
itself with England and by her means overthrow him. There are Jealousies that the
Stadtholder aspires to
{ 242 } be a Sovereign but these are the ordinary Jealousies of Liberty, and I should think
in this Case groundless.
The opposite, which is called the Republican Party, is suspected of Desires and Designs
of introducing Innovations. Some are supposed to aim at the Demolition of the Stadtholdership—others
of introducing the People to the Right of choosing the Regencies: but I think these
are very few in Number, and very inconsiderable in Power, though some of them may
have Wit and Genius.
There is another Party, at the Head of which is Amsterdam, who thinks the Stadtholdership
necessary, but wish to have some further Restraint or Check upon it. Hence the Proposition
for a Committee to assist his Highness. But there is no appearance that the Project
will succeed. All the Divisions of the Republican Party are thought to think well
of America, and to wish a Connection with her and France. The opposite Party do not
openly declare themselves against this. But Peace is the only thing in which all Sides
agree. No Party dares say any thing against Peace: yet there are Individuals very
respectable who think that it is not for the public Interest to make Peace. As to
Congress’s adapting Measures to the Views and Interest of both Parties, they have
already done it in the most admirable manner. They could not have done better, if
they had been all present here, and I know of nothing to be added. They have a Plenipotentiary
here with Instructions. They have given Power to invite the Republick to accede to
the Alliance between France and America, with a Power to admit Spain. All this is
communicated to the Comte de Vergennes and the Duke de la Vauguyon, and I wait only
their Advice for the time of making the Proposition. I have endeavoured to have the
good Graces of the Leaders, and I have no Reason to suspect that I do not enjoy their
Esteem, and I have recieved from the Prince repeatedly and in strong Terms by his
Secretary the Baron de Lerray Assurances of his personal Esteem.
I wrote, Sir, on the third and seventh of May as full an Account of my presenting
my Credentials, as it was proper to write, and am astonished that neither Duplicates
nor Triplicates have arrived. I will venture a Secret. I had the secret Advice of
our best Friends in the Republick to take the Step I did, though the French Ambassador
thought the time a little too early. My Situation would have been ridiculous and deplorable
indeed if I had not done it, and the success of the Measure as far as universal applause
could be called Success has justified. Those who detested the Measure, Sir, were obliged
to applaud it in Words. I am surprized to see You think it places Us in a
{ 243 } humiliating Light. I am sure it raised me out of a very humiliating Position, such
as I never felt before, and shall never feel again I believe. I have lately by the
express Advice of all our best Friends, added to that of the Duke de la Vauguyon and
the Comte de Vergennes, demanded a categorical answer. I know very well I should not
have it: but it has placed the United States and their Minister in a glorious light,
demanding candidly an answer, and the Republick has not yet equal Dignity to give
it. In this manner We may remain with perfect Safety, to the Dignity of the United
States and the Reputation of her Minister, until their High Mightinesses shall think
fit to answer, or until We shall think it necessary to repeat the Demand or make a
new one, which I shall not do without the Advice of the French Ambassador, with whom
I shall consult in perfect Confidence.
My Motives for printing the Memorial were, that I had no other way to communicate
my Proposition to the Sovereign of the Country. The Gentlemen at the Hague, who are
called their high Mightinesses, are not the Sovereign, they are only Deputies of the
States General, who compose the Sovereignty. These joint Deputies form only a Diplomatic
Body, not a legislative nor an executive one. The States General are the Regencies
of Cities and Bodies of Nobles. The Regencies of Cities are the Burgomasters and Schepens
or Judges and Councillors, composing on the whole a Number of four or five thousand
Men scattered all over the Republick. I had no Way to come at them but by the Press,
because the President refused to recieve my Memorial. If he had recieved it, it would
have been transmitted of Course to all the Regencies: but in that Case it would have
been printed; for there is no Memorial of a public Minister in this Republick, but
what is printed. When the President said, “Sir, We have no Authority to recieve your
Memorial until your Title and Character are acknowledged by our Constituents and Sovereigns.
We are not the Sovereign,” I answered, in that Case, Sir, it will be my Duty to make
the Memorial public in print, because I have no other possible way of addressing myself
to the Sovereign, your Constituents. The President made no Objection, and there has
been no Objection to this day. Those who dreaded the Consequence to the Cause of Anglomany,
have never ventured to hint a Word against it. The Anglomanes would have had a Triumph,
if it had not been printed, and I should before this day have met with many disagreable
Scenes if not public affronts. This Openness has protected me. To conciliate the affections
of the People, to place our Cause in
{ 244 } an advantageous light, to remove the Prejudices that Great Britain and her Votaries
excite, to discover the Views of the different Parties, to watch the Motives that
lead to Peace between England and Holland, have been my constant Aim since I have
resided here. The secret Aid of Government in obtaining a Loan I have endeavoured
to procure, but it can never be obtained until there is a Treaty. I have hitherto
kept a friendly Connection with the French Ambassador, and that without Interruption.
The new Commission for Peace and the Revocation of that for a Treaty of Commerce with
Great Britain I have recieved.
My Language and Conduct is that of a private Gentleman, but those Members of Congress,
who think this proper know, that I have held public Places in Europe too public and
conspicuous for me to be able to remain incognito in this Country, nor is it for the
Interest of the Public that I should attempt it.
I should be extremely obliged to You, Sir, if You would let me know the Dates of all
the Letters that have been recieved from me, since I have been in Holland, that I
may send further Copies of such as have miscarried.
The States of Holland have accepted the Mediation of Russia, on Condition of saving
the Rights of the Armed Neutrality. There has been a ballancing between a Treaty with
France and the Acceptance of this Mediation. Amsterdam said nothing. The Mediation
was accepted, but several Provinces have declared for a Treaty with France. People
of the best Intentions are jealous of a Peace with England upon dishonorable Terms:
but France will prevent this, tho’ She does not choose to prevent the Acceptance of
the Mediation, as She might have done by consenting to my making the Proposition of
a triple or quadruple Alliance. Her Ambassador says, the King must not oppose the
Empress of Russia, who will be of Importance in the final Settlement of Peace.
France has not ever discovered much Inclination to a Treaty with the Republick. The
Demolition of the Barrier Towns may explain this, as well as the Ambassadors Opinion
against presenting my Memorial at the time it was done.
1 I believe that France too can explain the Reason of the delay of Spain, where We
make a less respectable Appearance than in this Republick. The delay of Spain is fatal
to our Affairs. Yet I know the American Minister there to be equal to any Service;
which makes me regret the more the delay of that Kingdom. The constant Cry is, why
is Spain silent? We must wait for Spain. Nothing gives greater Advantage to the English
Party.
{ 245 } The Nature of the Government in an absolute Monarchy would render it improper to make
any application or Memorial public. The Nature of this Government rendered it indispensibly
necessary. The Business must begin in the Public, that is in all the Regencies. De
Wit and Temple, it is true, made a Treaty in five days
2 but De Wit risqued his head by it, upon the Pardon and Confirmation of the Regencies.
But it was a Time and a Measure which he knew to be universally wished for. The Case
at present is different. Mr. Van Bleiswick, tho’ he told me he thought favorably of
my first application would not have dared to have taken a single Step, without the
previous orders of his Masters as he told me.
It is the United States of America, which must save this Republick from Ruin. It is
the only Power that is externally respected by all Parties, altho’ no Party dares
as yet declare openly for her. One half the Republick nearly declares every day very
indecently against France—the other against England: but neither one nor the other
declares against America, which is more beloved and esteemed than any other Nation
of the World.
We must wait however with Patience. After oscillating a Little longer and grasping
at Peace, finding it unattainable, I think they will seek an Alliance with America,
if not with France. I had a Week ago a Visit from one of the first Personages in Friesland,
who promised me, that in three Weeks I should have an Answer from that Province.
3
[salute] I have the Honour to be, with great Esteem and Respect sir your most obedient and
most humble servant