Papers of John Adams, volume 20
I recieved yours of april 4th and
should have wrote sooner but thought it best to wait sometime that I might answer your
Queries with more certainty. I thank you for Your Polite & unremitted attention to
my Application in favour of Mr Martin B Sohier, Have waited
with some degree of impatiance for the result of the Secretary of War’s determination on
that subject, Cannot doubt from what you write of his best disposition to serve him,
after Your interposition & influence in his favour. but that I shall rest satisfye’d
with his Decission—
Commerce & Business in general here is extreamly dull, perhaps
it was never more so except at the time of the Port-Bill— Business is supposed not to be
so brisk & florishing as it has been for several Years past and many suppose it is
in Consequence of the large sums of Money locked up in the different custom houses and
by that means kept out of Circulation or for ought we know sent to the Seat of
Government— You ask if no Benign influence has as yet been felt in Consequence of the
New Goverment— The not assuming the State Debts has had, a most disagreeable and
banefull Effect here, and I am perswayded has made more persons disaffected to the New
Goverment, than any other matter could possably have done. The long time Congress spent
in disputing on the Quakers petition in favour of the Negro’s & the warmth with
which it was supported by the Eastern Members—has given great unesiness to many Persons—
It being said here that was the cause of sowering the minds of the Southern members
against an Assumtion of the State Debts—1
The Price of Bills of Exchange have fallen here 10 pr Cent
that is they were 5 pr Cent above parr & are now 5 pr Cent below parr. But it seems this was more by
Accendent—(The great demand for Grain from Europe) 352 then from any benign
Influencee of the New Government.2 And
this has opperated rather against this Town, as large sums of Money, in addition to what
is already Shut up has been sent to New York Philida &c
to purchase Bills— You inquire if the Ship Carpenters are Employ’d I answer. that they
are wholly out Business as are most other Tradesmen, And I assure you the Situation of
this Town, is truly Melancholy and Distressing. The sound of the Ax or the Hammer is
hardly to be heard in any part of It— The Tradesmen, almost totaly discouraged. No work
to be done, High Taxes & no prospect of Releiaf— You will see by Little attention
paid to the Choice of Representives but 200 Voters. Then more then 20 Candidates— No
list presented or prepared & when called upon to Vote. in general answerd they
care’d not who were Chosen, they could not be worse off and, that it was not probable
they should be better distress & poverty being thier portion & they appear to me
to be quite discouraged—3
Cannot something be done to Encourage the Cod & whale Fisheries—
Must the Ship building be wholly Annihilated in the Eastern States—
Must the Assumtion of the State Debts be giving up for this Sessions—
Will not Congress take some measures that the Monies collected for Imposts may be brought into Circulation again as soon as posable
I am with great esteem & regard / Your most obt Servt
RC (Adams Papers); internal address: “Excellency John Adams Esqr”; endorsed: “ansd. 25.
1790.”
For the “Quakers petition,” see Benjamin Franklin’s letter of 9 Feb., and note 1,
above. On 4 June the Mass. General Court resolved that the U.S. government must assume
the state’s debts (Hall, Politics without Parties
, p. 324).
Crafts’ source for these figures has not been identified. Because
of poor harvests in 1789 and an influx of refugees fleeing political turmoil, France’s
grain famine spread to Switzerland. In early 1790, the American press reported on the
“pinching scarcity of provisions” and projected that the crisis in France would
escalate without the aid of U.S. imports (Norwich-Packet,
29 Jan.; Stockbridge, Mass., Western Star, 2 March; Pennsylvania Packet, 4 March; Boston Gazette, 15 March). See also John Bondfield’s letter of 20 Nov. 1789 and note 4, above.
Two hundred Boston voters turned out in the spring of 1790 to
choose the Massachusetts governor and lieutenant governor and representatives for the
General Court. After two rounds of voting, John Hancock and Samuel Adams were selected
as governor and lieutenant governor, respectively, with Adams reinforcing his
popularity by garnering 84 percent of the vote (A New Nation Votes; Hall, Politics without
Parties
, p. 325).