Adams Family Correspondence, volume 14
st:Dec
r:1800
I have given an introductory letter for yourself and one for my father, to a young man by the name of Charles D Coxe; he will probably be at the federal City towards the last of this week. From himself I understand he intends making application for the 496 Consulship at the Isle of France, and his reason for applying during the present administration he avers to be, because he is a federalist & a friend to the government as hitherto administered. I know nothing to the contrary of this profession, but I have given him my opinion that the appointment he wants will not be immediately made, and farther that I believed there were competitors for the office already— This gentleman is a brother of Tench Coxe’s wife, but he is anxious to have it known that he thoroughly despises the political character of his brother in law, and wishes not to be involved in the disgrace which that fellows conduct has brought upon the name.1 I do not undertake to recommend him for the place he is about to seek, for I am too little acquainted with his character or qualifications to do it, and I have only given him letters of civility which he is not unworthy of receiving.
I thank you for the papers you sent me, containing the frivolous debates about the shorthand-writers— I had already seen their contents in our papers—2
The other debate respecting the Mausoleum excited
some indignant reflections in my bosom. I am angry that the legislature
of the Union should spend days & weeks in debating on a subject of
that nature, which cannot but revive painful thoughts in the mind of the
surviving friends & relatives of Washington, and reflect neither
honor or credit on themselves— I am in principle opposed to any thing
like a monument & or Mausoleum,
or Statue, commemorative of the life & services of that good man;
not from any wish to detract from the merit of them, but because I think
every device I have ever seen falls short of such a design— Moreover I
think, enough has already been done to perpetuate the name, by calling
the City which is to be the permanent seat of government, after him.
This was no trifling tribute, and if you measure respect by the money it
may cost, as some members of Congress seem to do, it will be found, that
few monuments of that kind, ever cost so much. I did not like the motive
which actuated Mr: Macon of N Carolina, in
the speech he made on this occasion, but I was amused with it more than
by anything uttered on the subject. Genl:
Lee, instead of his recollection of Statues erected by European noblemen
to the memory of their Mistresses, as a classic Scholar would have done
more credit to himself & more dignified his Subject, had he
remembered the remarkable instance of Demetrius Phalerous, who is said
by his eloquence & the purity of his manners to have gained such an
influence over the Athenians; that during the period in which he
exercised the 497
office of decennial Archon, 360 brazen Statues were erected to his
honor. This would have been an instance not unworthy to be cited, but
for the other, I blushed at the sight of it.3
Can you tell what plan our wise legislators are going to pursue hereafter to keep the drooping head of federalism from total depression. To whom can we look for a clue to our conduct, unless to them? I expect little concert hereafter in our national concerns, but I feel as if I had less inter[est in] the reputation of our Country than heretofore—
We are threatened here with rejoycing &
exultation upon the 4th: of March. There is
even a talk of illuminating the City. but I doubt whether any thing so
rash will be attempted—4
Riot & bloodshed would be the inevitable result of such a
measure—
I take the liberty to enclose you a paragraph which I
cut out of the Aurora a few days ago, expressly for your perusal— By it
you will see the great power & consideration of your Asiatic namesake
5
Adieu / Your’s
By Mr: Mason I sent you
some books which Dickens says you spoke for—6
RC (MWA:Adams Family Letters); addressed: “W S
Shaw / Washington”; internal address: “W S Shaw”; endorsed: “Phila Dec
21st / T. B Adams Esq / rec 24 / Ans 8
Jan”; docketed: “1800 / Decr.” Some loss of
text where the seal was removed.
TBA’s letter to JA has not
been found. His letter to Shaw of 18 Dec. (MHi:Misc. Bound Coll.) introduced Charles
Davenport Coxe (d. ca. 1831) of Sidney, N.J. Coxe’s sister Rebecca Coxe
(d. 1806) was Tench Coxe’s second wife, the couple having married in
1782. Charles Coxe was not successful in securing a nomination by
JA; however, Thomas Jefferson appointed him U.S.
commercial agent at Dunkerque on 16 Oct. 1801, a temporary commission
that was reissued on 26 Jan. 1802 after Senate confirmation (Jefferson, Papers
, 35:65–66; Philadelphia
Aurora General Advertiser, 14 Feb.
1806;
ANB
, entry on Tench Coxe).
On 4 Dec. 1800, Samuel Harrison Smith of the
Washington, D.C., National Intelligencer
submitted a memorial to the House of Representatives requesting the use
of a desk on the floor during debates in order to compile more accurate
notes for reporting on House business. During lengthy debate Speaker
Theodore Sedgwick argued that reporters would inconvenience House
members, and he ultimately cast a tie-breaking vote to reject the
request. The National Intelligencer, 5, 10,
12 Dec., and the Philadelphia Gazette, 9,
15, 16 Dec., reported on the debates. Smith made a similar request to
the Senate in 1802 that was granted (
ANB
;
Annals
of Congress
, 6th Cong., 2d sess., p. 797–799,
806–817; Morris, Diaries
, 2:206).
On 5 Dec. 1800 a bill to erect a mausoleum in honor
of George Washington was reintroduced in the House of Representatives
after being tabled by the Senate in the previous session. Nathaniel
Macon of North Carolina opposed the plan because of the cost while Gen.
Henry Lee of Virginia spoke in favor, offering the justification
recounted by TBA. On 1 Jan. 1801 the House passed a revised
bill appropriating $200,000 to build the mausoleum, but on 3 March the
Senate again tabled the bill. In his discussion of Lee’s speech,
TBA referred to the Athenian governor Demetrius of
Phalerus (r. 317–307 B.C.). TBA also alluded to a 1791
decision by the commissioners of the capital city to name it Washington
(
Annals of Congress
, 6th Cong., 1st sess., p. 181,
711–712; same, 6th 498
Cong., 2d sess., p. 758, 799, 801–803, 858, 874–875; Diogenes Laërtius,
The Lives and Opinions of Eminent
Philosophers, Book V, sect. 2;
Oxford Classical
Dicy.
; Washington, Papers, Presidential
Series
, 8:506, 508).
Democratic-Republican leaders met in Philadelphia on
19 Dec. 1800 and voted to convene a general meeting at the State House
on 22 Dec. to discuss “arrangements for a Public Festival” following the
election of Thomas Jefferson (Philadelphia Aurora General Advertiser, 20 Dec.).
The enclosure, which has not been found, was probably
an article from the Philadelphia Aurora General
Advertiser, 17 Dec., describing the territorial possessions of
Shah Zaman, ruler of the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan (William
Dalrymple, Return of a King: The Battle for
Afghanistan, 1839–42, London, 2013, p. xiv).
The postscript was written upside down on the fourth manuscript page. The books ordered from Asbury Dickins were likely carried by Jonathan Mason, en route from Massachusetts to Washington, D.C.
We have public worship every Sunday in the
Representitive’s Chamber in the Capitol; I have just returnd from hearing
Bishop Clagget deliver a discourse from those words in the Gosple of st
Luke, [“]Glory to God in the highest Peace on Earth, and Good Will to
Men.”1 this is a doctrine
full of Mercy and benevolence, of which
the present generation appear little disposed to cultivate and cherish.—
Should I put down one half my thoughts and reflections upon the present
Prospect of our Country I should be considerd as gloomy and dissapointed but
I see not where we are to land; the Government will undergo a compleat
revolution. every office & departments is already parceled out. the
misfortune is that there are as Many hungry antis, as there have been
meritorious candidates for on the
federal side; and therefore many must be dissapointed Baltimore Smith is cut
out for secretary of Navy Maddison secretary of state Dearbourn Secretary of
War, Mercer Gallitin, and Tench Cox Secretary of the Treasury, Munroe
Minister to France, and who should You think of to England?2 can You believe that J Q A, is
named by the party for that office
embassy; for (all the present Ministers are to be recall’d). I do not
believe that any of this distribution is Jeffersons, but the Party are very
buisy for him. in concequence of this intimation the President has
determined to recall Your Brother directly, that he cannot and will not
accept an appointment under the change of administration, I am very sure of.
you know he wrote me that he was Making arrangements to be ready to return
in the spring, if the Change which I predicted Should take place;3 the probability is, that mr
Jefferson & Burr stand upon an equal footing. the federal party will
therefore be in a strait betwixt 499 two, a
Choice of difficulties. if they had the nerve and firmness of the
Pensilvanna senators—they would take neither— to be obliged to give their
voice and vote, where they declare they have not any confidence, and the
Government resting upon the pillars of public confidence, if they are broken
down, upon what can it Stand? the difference is, the Democrats, rely upon
Jefferson, but neither Party upon the other— it would be raising a Man to
the Government uncontemplated by the people— the federalist suppose they
might bargain with Burr, and receive him upon certain conditions but if he
has his price, how is he to be trusted?—
Gov’r Davie said to Me, that he was surprized at the
federilists; they had lost all, by aming at two ralling points; he said that
he had not conversed with any person here who appeard to have any adequate
Idea of the effects of the Change would
produce abroad; from a state of the highest respectability, which the wisdom
and energy of the Government had created in the minds of foreign Nations. we
Should now be considerd, as unstable fluctuating and Revolutionary— our
Credit would diminish, and our funds Sink or rather depreciate—that no one
could calculate upon the injury we should experience— there is not any
buisness done by either House. they meet and adjourn. Harper who has been
absent most of the Session, came last week to assist in making a speech to
raise the Mausolium, and the House have voted one, & two Hundred
thousand dollors to build it—4 I think fully with you upon the subject I was shocked at Lees Virginna
delicacy; but it is like the Man, not to feel and to reflect upon the
conduct of our Legislators. a person must be as insensible as the stones
with which this Egyptian Pyramid is to be raised— Washington was a
virginian. to him temples shall be built and alters raised— be sure he
monopolized in his own person a large proportion of the Virtue and talents
of the state from whence he originated, and he deserved all the gratitude
and affection which a gratefull people can bestow, but at the very period
when they are voting to raise trophies to his Memory, they are placeing
those very Men in the seat, which he occupied with so Much dignity to
himself, & benifit to his Country who they know, will pull down the
Edifice which he and his Successor, have laboured to preserve, beautify
Strengthen and adorn they are for spreading such a Glory arround him, as to
cast into a shade Services as disinterested, as meritorious as arduous as he
ever aechived the World, & posterity will show a more impartial
judgment.—
I went last week to Mount Vernon and past a couple of days with my old Friend Mrs washington who gave me a Most cordial reception; I was much dissapointed in the House, and in the richness of the soil. the prospect of the River is fine, but tho mr duane thinks the Magnificence of the Washington Palace less suited to the President of the united states than his Farm House at Quincy I Would not exchange it, for the Mount Vernon House—nor the grounds arround it—5 My House in its present state, presents a handsomer front has larger Rooms, and is better finished— Preistly you know was angry with Cobbet for depreciating his House—6 tho my Quincy House was not Made for the President of the united states, it has more comforts and conveniencees, in and about it than this Huge Castle and all I want or wish for, would be about 5000 dollors a year to spend in it, and about it—
My spirits are sometimes ready to Sink under my Private
troubles, and public ingratitude. I endeavour to rally them again, least I
should become unfit for the discharge of those duties which are still
incumbent upon me, one of which is to encounter a tedious winter journey; I
own I have a dread of it—and have not yet fixed My plan: I have thought as
the Season will be like to prevent my travelling in my own carriage, that it
would be best to leave to the public all which we have here and get a new
Coachee made, handsome and good, as it will be the only carriage we can
afford to keep. for this purpose I made the inquiry. I do not know whether
what are calld Quarter lights were included in the calculation made; You
know the one I have is stuft and not made to rool up— beside it has a long steps of three turns which come
near the ground which are necessary for me— Bringhurst is Most acquainted
With the manner in which I want one made— I am not Satisfied but that I
should do better to have one made in Boston by Frothingham— the only
difficulty will be the time it requires to do it—
I received the articles sent by mr Thornton safe. the silk stockings You inquire after we have not nor have I seen any Since You left us last winter. the woolen I took— they were put in the trunk which went by water, and were forgotten by me untill I found them in putting up my things to come away. I then sent them with some worsted to be done; so by an other Season you may look for them—
The President has appointed mr Jay chief Justice is he
refuses as I fear he will, Mr cushing will be offered it, but if he
declines, then mr Patterson will be appointed—7 I know it to be the intention of
the President to appoint mr Ingersell a Judge if a vacancy offers— this is
501 in confidence. your opinion is So
correct and judicious upon all those subjects in upon which You offer it, that I have great confidence in it,
and so has the President. I send the Letter requested—and / am Your truly
affectionate / Mother
RC (Adams Papers); endorsed: “Mrs: A Adams / 25th: Decr: 1800— / 30th: Recd: / Do ansd:.”
Rev. Thomas John Claggett’s sermon was drawn from
Luke, 2:14. Claggett (1743–1816), Princeton 1764, was elected the first
Episcopal bishop of Maryland in 1792, a position he held for 24 years.
He also served as the first chaplain of the U.S. Senate after the
federal seat moved to Washington, D.C., in 1800 (
Princetonians
,
1:453–456).
Despite rumors regarding who would serve in Thomas
Jefferson’s cabinet, neither John Francis Mercer nor Tench Coxe received
appointments. Neither did James Monroe receive a diplomatic posting to
France at this time. For the nominations of Samuel Smith, James Madison,
Henry Dearborn, and Albert Gallatin, see William Smith Shaw to AA,
25 Feb. [1801], and note 3,
below.
That is, JQA to AA, 11 July 1800, for which see AA to JQA, 15 May, note 5, above. For JQA’s recall as minister to Prussia, see AA to TBA, 3 Feb. 1801, and note 3, below.
During the ongoing debate in the House of
Representatives on the bill to erect a mausoleum for George Washington,
for which see
TBA to William Smith Shaw, 21 Dec. 1800, and
note 3, above, Robert Goodloe Harper spoke in favor of the measure on 23
Dec., claiming it was the only proper memorial because it “would present
the same imperishable appearance two thousand years hence, that it would
now” (
Annals of Congress
, 6th Cong., 2d sess., p. 856–857,
862–863).
The Philadelphia Aurora
General Advertiser, 18 Dec., reported that JA’s
“humble farm house at Quincey but ill comports with the superb palace of the nation.”
During the ongoing feud between William Cobbett and
Joseph Priestley, for which see vol. 13:546–547, Cobbett in 1799 described
Priestley’s house in Northumberland, Penn., as a “shed.” The attack
prompted Priestley to defend the property, claiming “there are perhaps
few that are equal to it in the whole State” (Philadelphia Porcupine’s Gazette, 28 Aug. 1799; Priestley, Letters to Northumberland
,
1:4).
JA nominated John Jay as chief justice
of the U.S. Supreme Court on 18 Dec. 1800, and the Senate confirmed the
appointment the next day. In notifying Jay of the appointment,
JA wrote, “In the future Administration of our Country
the firmest Security We can have against the Effects of visionary
Schemes or fluctuating Theories, will be in a solid Judiciary: and
nothing will cheer the hopes of the best Men so much as your Acceptance
of this appointment.” Jay, however, declined the appointment on 2 Jan.
1801, and JA subsequently nominated John Marshall to the
post on 20 Jan., which the Senate confirmed on the 27th (U.S. Senate, Exec. Jour.
, 6th Cong., 2d sess.,
p. 360, 371, 374; JA to Jay, 19 Dec. 1800, ICN:Rudy L. Ruggles Coll.;
Jay to JA, 2 Jan. 1801, Adams Papers).