Adams Family Correspondence, volume 14
th1799
Death, thou art no Respecter of Persons;1 Washington is no More! a Great Man has fallen, and his End is peace. I shall dye said he, but Death has no terrors for me; this Melancholy Event, was this day brought to this city by the Mail and by private Letters; the Croup was the rapid disease which put a period to the Days, of him whose, memory will I trust be Embalmed in the Hearts of all true Americans—2 Every countanance is coverd with Gloom. what a fair what a Virtuous Character will survive him. I had almost Said how enviable that call of his Master, which has not permitted him to exhibit to the world, a state of imbicility and bodily Decay, which frequently effaces from the memory and recollection, the more shining and brilliant actions of Early Life, by reducing the Body, and weakning the faculties of the mind. in a better world I trust, he will receive the Reward of a good and faithfull Servant. the stroke is so sudden, and so unexpected, that we have Scarcly collected our thoughts. the Heads of Departments are now in consultation with the President upon what Measures are proper to be taken upon the occasion as it respects going into mourning.3
I received your Letter of Decbr 8th I thank you for the information containd. I am really
solicitious to have mr Whitney setled with us, and shall very much
regreet if a niggardly parsimony should prevent it.
we had last Evening a terible fire, and but a very
little way from us.4 it
was the greatest I ever saw, or was so near. it did not do so much
Damage as Many fires have, but a large circus of pine boards canvas and
tar are combustibles Sufficient to have burnt down half the city. the
wind carried it from us, or no one can tell where or when it would have
stoped it was as near to us mr Baxters is to
you. Water was much wanted. every pump having been dryed and exhausted
before the fire could be got under— Congress Hall was in great danger.
the weather was very cold. the houses fortunately had snow upon
them—
I had so little rest last Night, and the Melancholy News of the Day has so much exhausted Me, that I Must close for to Night, assureing you that I am / Your truly affectionate / Sister
Pray have My Letters coverd to the President. unlss mr Cranch puts his Name upon them, they must pay the postage— the two last cost Me 40 cents a peice
RC (NhHi:Hibbard Coll.); addressed: “Mrs Mary Cranch / Quincy.”
John Macgowan, “Death, A Vision; or, the Solemn Departure of Saints and Sinners,” Part III, para. 37.
George Washington died at Mount Vernon on 14 Dec.
after a short illness. Both his former private secretary Tobias Lear and
merchant Jonathan Swift of Alexandria, Va., informed JA on
15 Dec. (both Adams Papers).
Lear wrote: “It is with inexpressible grief that I have to announce to
you the Death of the Great and the Good General Washington.” The news
was first reported in the Alexandria Times,
16 Dec., and the Philadelphia Gazette of the
United States and the Philadelphia
Gazette, 18 Dec. (Washington, Papers, Retirement
Series
, 4:352).
For the public and private mourning of Washington, see Descriptive List of Illustrations, No. 1, above.
At 9 P.M. on 17
Dec. a fire broke out during a performance at Rickett’s Circus on the
corner of Sixth and Chestnut Streets. The blaze quickly spread to nearby
buildings, including Oeller’s Hotel, which was destroyed (Philadelphia
American Daily Advertiser, 18 Dec.; Philadelphia Gazette, 18 Dec.).
ng
Philadelphia
I wrote to You the Day after we received the account
of the Death of Gen’ll Washington. this
Event, so important to our Country at this period, will be universally
deplored no Man ever lived, more deservedly beloved and Respected. the
praise and I May say addulation which followed his administration for
Several years, never made him forget that he was a Man, subject to the
weakness and frailty of attached to humane Nature. he never grew giddy;
but ever mantaind a Modest diffidence of his own talents; and if that
was an error, it was of the amiable and engageing kind, tho it might
lead Sometimes to a want of decisions in some great Emergencys. possesst
of power, posest of an extensive influence, he never used it but for the
benifit of his Country. witness his retirement to private Life when
Peace, closed the scenes of war; when call’d by the unanimous Suffrages
of the People to the chief Majestracy of the Nation; he acquitted
himself to the satisfaction and applause of all Good Men. when assailed
by faction, when reviled by Party, he sufferd with dignity, and Retired
from his exalted station with a Character which Malice could not wound,
nor envy tarnish— if we look through the whole tennor of his Life;
History will not produce to us a Parrallel— Heaven has seen fit to take
him from us. our mourning is Sincere, in the midst of which, we ought
not to lose Sight of the 79
Blessings we have enjoy’d and still partake of that he was spaired to us
untill he saw a successor filling his place, persueing the Same system
which he had adopted and that in times which have been equally dangerous
and Critical; it becomes not me to say more upon this Head:
I inclose to You a News paper which
contains all that has yet been done in commemoration of the late
dispensation.1
tomorrow the senate come in a Body with a sympathetic address—and on
thursday a Eulogy is to be deliverd by Genll
Lee—in the Dutch Church in this city—to which we are all invited—2
Company comeing in last Evening, I was prevented finishing my Letter. this Morning I received yours of December 15.3 it is unhappy that what is liked by one should for that very reason, be the object of aversion to an other, but when a spirit of private animosity is permitted to influence the mind, it always produces an illiberale conduct. the two B’s who are now opposed to mr Whitney, are pretty nearly upon a footing in point of talants and capacity, taking into view the comparative advantages they have had, but their influence will not be very extensive. I am sorry You had such a cold time in looking for my Gown. I shall not have occasion now for any thing but Black, untill Spring, then I shall put on half mourning I shall be glad to have it, if it can be conveniently Sent. Mrs smith wants her white, as she will after a certain period appear in white trimd with black; at Present the whole Family are in full mourning.
I hope Mrs Black has received her Cap safe. mr Wainright did not go so soon as I expected, and Betsy Howard got a Mr Whitney with whom she was acquainted to take it, it was to be left at mr Lambs—
Mrs Smith has worked You a Croun of a Cap & Band, which I request You to accept of. I will send a Border the next time I write—
we all desire to be kindly rememberd to all Friends—
Your affectionate / Sister
I send a paper containing the speech of mr Hopkins upon the trial of Peter Porcupine for defamation the Jury brought in five thousand Dollors damages and the court confirmd the verdict—4
RC (MWA:Abigail Adams Letters); addressed: “Mrs Mary Cranch / Quincy.”
The enclosure has not been found, and most of the
Philadelphia press provided extensive coverage of the mourning of George
Washington; see for example the American Daily
Advertiser, 20 Dec., which described actions by JA
and Congress and reprinted letters announcing Washington’s death on a
page bordered in black.
An address drafted by a Senate committee was
delivered to JA on 23 December. A paean to Washington’s
life, the address said, “Ancient and modern names are diminished before
him,” adding, “Washington yet lives— on earth in his spotless
example—his spirit is in heaven.” In his response of the same day,
JA thanked the Senate and wrote: “The life of our
Washington cannot suffer by a comparison with those of other countries.”
Maj. Gen. Henry “Light-Horse Harry” Lee of Virginia delivered the 26
Dec. funeral oration in Philadelphia’s German Lutheran Church,
describing the departed president as “First in war—first in peace—and
first in the hearts of his countrymen” (
Annals of
Congress
, 6th Cong., 1st sess., p. 17–19; Marshall, Papers
, 4:48–49;
Amer.
State Papers, Miscellaneous, 1:192–194).
In her letter to AA of 15 Dec., Cranch commented on the local reception of JA’s 3 Dec. speech to Congress and the settlement of Rev. Peter Whitney Jr. in Quincy. She also informed AA that she had sent gowns as requested (Adams Papers).
On 13 Dec. a libel case against William Cobbett began
in the Penn. Supreme Court. It was brought by Benjamin Rush, who sued
Cobbett for publishing material in the Philadelphia Porcupine’s Gazette, 19, 25, 26, 29 Sept.
1797, criticizing Rush’s use of bloodletting as a treatment for yellow
fever. Rush’s attorney Joseph Hopkinson argued that the attacks on his
client constituted “violent and low personal abuse.” The jury ruled in
Rush’s favor on 14 Dec. 1799, awarding him $5,000 in damages (A Report of an Action for a Libel, brought by
Dr. Benjamin Rush, against William Cobbett, Phila., 1800, p. 2,
3–20, Evans, No. 37103;
Philadelphia Constitutional Diary, 14
Dec.).