Adams Family Correspondence, volume 15
th:May 1802.
Since the receipt of your favor of the 18th: ult: I have been absent from the City, a few days, attending a County Court,
and tomorrow I expect to set out for another excursion of a similar nature. There is but
little immediate benefit, derived from riding the circuit in order to attend the Courts
in this vicinity; for the business is principally engrossed by those who reside in the
shire towns, and if a City lawyer obtain any, it is chiefly accidental. The exercise
however is healthful, and opportunities now & then occur of taking a volunteer part
in some of the criminal trials, which afford at least a chance of displaying
professional talents, where they exist. I was lately concerned, at the instance of the
deputy Atty General, in one of these trials, and it proved
to be an important one.1 The prisoner was
ably defended, & all the affectation of zeal, which lawyers so well know how to
assume on such occasions, was displayed in this instance; but ineffectually as to the
acquittal on the merits of the case, for the jury found the prisoner guilty of the
charge; an exception was taken to the indictment, however, which proved fatal, and the
business must begin again, at the next term. This detail cannot be very amusing to you,
but my apology for it is, that I so seldom have an opportunity of mentioning
professional business, wherein I had a share. I have an excellent friend in one of the
associate judges, of the County, where I am going next week— He lately married one of
Mrs: Rutter’s Sisters, and lives within a few miles of the
County town.2 I have passed several
Sundays at his farm & never was more hospitably entertained in my life. He is a warm
federal, and often talks of my father, though he did not
know him personally. Your father, said he, is a plain farmer, like myself— Yes— “Well, I
like him the better for that— How much wheat or corn does he raise in a year?” I said,
no wheat, for it will not grow so near the sea as his farm lays, but he raises corn
enough for his own consumption. “Does he send 203 anything to market,
as I do,?” I believe not. “Has he got a large barn?” Not more than half so large an one,
as you have. The fact is, that the judges barn is one of the largest & best finished
I ever saw— It is upwards of an hundred feet in front, by 45, or 6, deep, built of
Stone, like the houses at German town.
I will send you by the first opportunity, a copy of the speeches on the bill for repealing the judiciary, delivered in Senate.3 Those of the house are not yet published— Also a book for my father; “Barton on free Commerce,” I have no personal knowledge of its contents, except from the review of it in the Aurora.4 Its doctrines are entirely of the new school; or the modern law of Nations, as advocated by France—
Please inform my father, that the Harleian miscellany, though a single quarto volume, costs fourteen dollars, and I am afraid to venture on the purchase of it, without his direction.
The Books my brother sent me, came safe to hand—
With best love to all friends, I am, dear Mother / Your son
PS. You will see in the Washington federalist, Mr: Stodderts letter, repelling the base & infamous
attack upon his official character, while Secretary of the Navy, by the Committee,
appointed to enquire into the subject of expenditures & appropriations. The Aurora
attempts to answer Mr: S. but I think the precedent will
be followed by others, who have been injured in the same way.5
RC (Adams
Papers); internal address: “Mrs: A Adams—”
In a 4 May letter to William Smith Shaw (MWA:Adams Family Letters), TBA discussed his
participation in a perjury trial in Delaware County, Penn. He also assessed the
differences between practicing law in urban and rural locations and reported on recent
federal and state appointments in Pennsylvania. The deputy attorney general of
Delaware County was Thomas Ross (ca. 1756–1822), who had been admitted to the Delaware
County bar in 1789 and became deputy attorney general in 1799 (The Twentieth Century Bench and Bar of Pennsylvania, 2 vols., Chicago, 1903,
2:632; Inventory of the County Archives of Pennsylvania,
rev. edn., Media, Penn., 1941, p. 242; Philadelphia National
Gazette and Literary Register, 25 Oct. 1822).
Rebecca Jones (b. 1757), a sister of Sarah Jones Rutter, married
John Jones (ca. 1744–1824), an associate judge of Montgomery County, Penn., on 7 Jan.
1802; they lived in Lower Merion (Howard M. Jenkins, Historical Collections Relating to Gwynedd, a Township of Montgomery County,
Pennsylvania, 2d edn., Phila., 1897, p. 143, 158; PHC:Philadelphia Monthly Meeting, Births, Deaths, and
Burials, 1688–1826, p. 63; Philadelphia Gazette, 8 Jan.;
Philadelphia American Daily Advertiser, 27 Dec.
1824).
Debates in the Senate of the United
States on the Judiciary, Phila., 1802, Shaw-Shoemaker, No. 3273, a summary of Senate debates on
the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801 (Philadelphia Gazette
of the United States, 12 April 1802).
William Barton’s A Dissertation on the
Freedom of Navigation and Maritime Commerce, Phila., 1802, Shaw-Shoemaker, No. 204 1845, was published on 12 February. The book was
dedicated to Thomas Jefferson, and it was favorably reviewed in the Philadelphia Aurora General Advertiser, 1 May (Jefferson, Papers
,
36:611).
On 14 Dec. 1801, prompted by treasury secretary Albert Gallatin,
the House of Representatives passed a resolution calling for a committee to
investigate how federal money was appropriated and spent by the State, War, and Navy
Departments. Led by Joseph Hopper Nicholson of Maryland, the committee requested
information from Benjamin Stoddert about his spending as secretary of the navy,
particularly his purchase of naval yards at Portsmouth, N.H.; Charlestown, Mass.; New
York City; Philadelphia; Gosport, Va.; and Washington, D.C. In the report, which
Nicholson delivered to the House on 29 April 1802, the committee found that the
purchases were neither authorized nor legal. Stoddert defended his actions in a letter
printed in the Washington Federalist, 4 May, arguing that
the language of the enabling legislation enacted by Congress was sufficiently clear to
justify the purchases and characterizing the report as a partisan attack: “The
majority of this committee, have gone, to rob me of that, which is dearer than
for[t]une or life—reputation.” The Philadelphia Aurora General
Advertiser, 7 May, responded to Stoddert’s defense, claiming that an analysis
of the language of the acts provided no justification for the purchases (Jefferson, Papers
, 36:211, 212;
Amer. State Papers, Finance
, 1:752, 753, 754,
755–757;
Biog. Dir.
Cong.
).
th:May 1802
I received, at Norristown, while attending a County Court, your
favor of the 25th: ult: with an enclosure for Old-school,
which is already delivered to him.1 He is
thankful for it, as well as for the translation of Bülow, which you will perceive he has
begun to publish. The concluding sentence of the Editor’s introduction will excite your
smile, as being the first instance, wherein he has indulged, even a complacent
expression, in behalf of Republican freedom.
2 He is now fully convinced, that an Editor of a
public paper, in this Country, must learn to sooth, if not to flatter, the ruling
passions of the multitude; that he must sometimes coax & intreat opinion, even where
opposed to his own conviction; because mankind are very little disposed to hear their
foibles censured with the severity of a Cato, or their justice measured by the scale of
an Aristides.
Oliver threatens to epistolise you for goodfellowship’ sake, and I assure him, you are not tardy of reply. His patronage, this year, is not equal to that of the last, though, in my opinion, the merit of his paper is greater. Do you ever discuss the topic, in any of your meetings?
In those volumes of letters, which you found in Holland I recollect
many, which would bear publication; and Shaw can do nothing
better than copy such as you may designate. What a sly old fox, was that Monsieur
Franklin. I never read a more wary diplomatic document than the letter you sent.3
I lately received from Mr: Charles
Cushing Junr: of Boston, two notes of hand, drawn by the
house of Forrest & Stoddert in favor of 205 Mr: Charles House & endorsed by him. Mr: Cushing supposed, that the house of Forrest & Stoddert
was established in this City & therefore requests me to present the notes for
payment.
I have written to him on the subject & requested further
instructions, but have yet received no answer.4 I wish you would take the trouble to see him,
and ask what I am to do with the notes. I believe the house of Forrest & Stoddert
failed, and think it doubtful whether any thing can now be had from them. I should
nevertheless wish to know what disposition I am to make of the Copies of notes. Mr: Cushing informed me, in his
letter, that he had other documents in his possession, confessing the debt &
promising payment.
With best love to your wife & all friends / I am dear brother / Your’s
RC (Adams
Papers); internal address: “J Q Adams. Esqr:.”
Not found.
In his introduction to JQA’s translation of Baron
Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow’s Der Freistaat von Nordamerika in
seinem neusten zustand, 2 vols., Berlin, 1797, Joseph Dennie Jr. described
JQA as “a man of letters, whom Learning vindicates, as a favourite, and
whom the Editor is proud to call his friend.” Dennie also criticized Bülow, noting
that as a Prussian he struggled to “appreciate the blessings of republican freedom”
(Port Folio, 2:137–138 [8 May]). See also
JQA to TBA, 9
Jan., and note 5, above.
TBA in a 19 April letter to JQA (Adams Papers) asked his brother “to set Mr:
Shaw to work, upon those volumes of letters relative to American affairs, which you
found in Holland— If you will select some of the most interesting, he will copy them,
at his liesure, and you can send them to me, for Oliver.” While at The Hague
TBA and JQA came into possession of three volumes of C. W.
F. Dumas’ correspondence with several prominent Americans. The transcriptions had been
made by Dumas’ daughter, Anna Jacoba Dumas Veerman Senserff, and were later given to
the Adamses. The particular letter referenced by TBA here was likely
dated 9 Dec. 1775 from Benjamin Franklin to Dumas, in which Franklin discussed
possible foreign intervention in the American Revolution. The letter was partially
published in the Port Folio, 2:236–237 (31 July 1802)
(vols. 10:257; 11:46, 90–91, 352, 354; JA to François
Adriaan Van der Kemp, 30 April 1806, Adams
Papers; Franklin, Papers
, 22:287–291; JA, Papers
, 17:299).
For the publication of additional Dumas’ correspondence in the Port Folio; see
TBA to William Meredith, 8 Feb. 1804, and notes 4 and 5,
below.
No correspondence has been found between TBA and
Boston attorney Charles Cushing Jr. (1775–1849), Harvard 1796, a son of Charles
Cushing Sr. and Elizabeth Sumner and a nephew of William Cushing. Forrest &
Stoddert was a Georgetown, D.C., mercantile firm owned by Gen. Uriah Forrest and
Benjamin Stoddert. Forrest declared bankruptcy in July 1802 (James S. Cushing, The Genealogy of the Cushing Family, Montreal, 1905, p. 91,
94–95, 180;
Sibley’s Harvard Graduates
, 13:569;
Boston Directory, 1803, p. 38,
Shaw-Shoemaker, No. 3862; Washington, Diaries
, 6:105; New York Herald, 14
July).