Adams Family Correspondence, volume 15
I enclose you for Mr: Oldschool a
letter commencing the review of a new publication of Mr:
Gentz—1 You will perhaps enquire, why I
begin upon this before I have finished the examination of the Etat de la France— The reason is that this last book was lent to me; that the
owner called upon me to return it and that I have been unable to procure me a copy of it
either in this town or at the Leipzig fair, where I sent to get one— I was obliged
therefore to postpone the 83 further
consideration of that work for the present; but I shall I hope in due time furnish you
two or three more letters upon it— Gentz is publishing an answer to it, of which I shall
request Mr: Oldschool to take notice upon a proper
occasion.2
My wife recovers very slowly from the illness which was consequent
upon her delivery. Till within these four days she has not been able to walk across her
chamber.— We hope however in about three weeks to leave Berlin, and I write this day to
our friend Pitcairn requesting him to bespeak us a passage on board the Catherine, Captain Ingersoll, of New-york, and thither
bound.3 We shall probably sail about
the last of July, and in two months from that time, with the favour of the winds we
flatter ourselves we shall stand on the same Continent with you. I shall give you
immediate notice of our arrival, and if your convenience will permit, we indulge
ourselves with the expectation that you will meet us there before we proceed to Boston,
or Quincy.
Young Mr: Adams, as Captain Wallach
would call him, is in good health, and when milk is plenty in good spirits.4 It is not yet definitively settled, who he is
like, or rather he is by turns like all his pappa’s and mamma’s dearest friends— You
have your turn among the rest; but Louisa is sorely perplexed to ascertain how he came
by his blue eyes
Your client Mr: Engel has at last
obtained a small office which will support his family and which removes him from Berlin—
He requests therefore that whatever information you may wish to give him in future
concerning his affairs in your hands you would direct it to his brother in law, a
merchant, residing in this town, and bearing the name of Anton Frederic Palmié5
Mr: Welsh left us a fortnight since,
for Amsterdam where he purposes to embark if he finds a good opportunity— I shall send
this letter to him but know not whether it will reach Amsterdam in Season
My last letters to you were of 5. and 9. May— Being without a Secretary and having packed up my letter books, I know not exactly how this letter should be numbered; but I have put it 9. at a guess.6
Yours ever
FC-Pr (Adams
Papers); internal address: “T. B. Adams Esqr.”;
APM Reel 131.
JQA enclosed his letter to JA of 30 May
(LbC, APM Reel 131), which
wholly comprised the first installment of a review of Friedrich von Gentz, Ueber den Ursprung und Charakter des Krieges gegen die
Französische Revoluzion, Berlin, 1801, analyzing opposition to the French
Revolution. Gentz claimed that neighboring countries had a right to intervene in
French affairs because the French Revolution threatened their own well-being, a
position JQA called “so plain, so strong, so fair, that not a doubt can
be left upon an honest 84 mind.” The review appeared in Port Folio, 1:266–268, 301–302, 307–308 (22 Aug., 19, 26
Sept.).
For JQA’s earlier review of Alexandre Maurice Blanc
de Hauterive, De l’état de la France, a la fin de l’an
VIII, see his letter to
JA of 25 April, and note 1, above. Gentz responded to Hauterive
with Von dem Politischen Zustande von Europa vor und nach der
Französischen Revoluzion, Berlin, 1801, arguing that French imperialism had to
be countered to maintain a balance of power in Europe and to thwart the inherent chaos
of the French Revolution (Murray Forsyth, “The Old European States-System: Gentz
versus Hauterive,” Historical Journal, 23:522–524 [Sept.
1980]).
In his 30 May letter to Joseph Pitcairn (OCHP:Joseph Pitcairn Letters), JQA requested
that he book them passage to Boston or New York and reserve lodging for them in
Hamburg prior to their departure. On 17 June JQA, LCA, and
GWA departed Berlin for Hamburg, where they arrived on the 21st.
Instead of traveling aboard the ship Catharine, Capt.
Josiah Ingersoll, the Adamses sailed on 8 July for Philadelphia on the ship America, Capt. Wills. JQA found the voyage
difficult: “The sea affects my head—disqualifies me for all application of
mind—insomuch that all the time I pass upon the sea is in a manner lost time—”
LCA similarly described the voyage as “long and wearisome,” while
GWA was ill for much of its early stages. The trio arrived in
Philadelphia on 4 Sept. (D/JQA/24, APM Reel 27; New York Commercial
Advertiser, 1 Sept.; New York Mercantile
Advertiser, 19 Sept.; JQA to TBA, 7 July, NN:Lee Kohns Coll.; LCA, D&A
, 1:157).
Probably Capt. Moses A. Wallach (ca. 1756–1836), a Boston armorer
and militia commander (Ann Smith Lainhart, “John Haven Dexter and the 1789 Boston City
Directory,”
NEHGR
, 140:257 [July 1986]; City of Boston Registry:Boston Deaths and
Burials, 26:167).
For JQA and TBA’s assistance to Carl
August Engel in pursuing a claim against Jacob Mark & Co. of New York, see vols.
13:460; 14:187, 190. Antoine Frédéric Palmié
(1770–1852) was a Berlin merchant (Manfred A. Pahlmann, Anfänge des Städtischen Parlamentarismus in Deutschland, Berlin, 1997, p. 306;
J. P. Erman, Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire des réfugiés
françois dans les états du roi, 9 vols., Berlin, 1782–1799, 6:108–109).
JQA was incorrect and should have marked this letter No. 10. His 5 May letter to TBA has not been found, but see AA to TBA, 12 July, and note 4, below. In letters to TBA of 28 April (LbC, APM Reel 134) and 9 May (Adams Papers), JQA restated his travel plans and his expectation that he, LCA, and GWA would not reach the United States before October. He also wrote to JA on 1 June (MWA:Adams Family Letters) of the family’s departure plans and the health of LCA and GWA, enclosing the 1–15 May fifth and final installment of his twice-monthly gazette of events in Europe (FC-Pr, APM Reel 131).
st:May 1801.
I received your favor of the 16th: on
the 23d: instt:. My time has
been so much taken up, during the week past with removing my Office & lodgings, that
I could not conveniently devote any portion of it to return you an answer. I have now
obtained an establishment, which has long been the object of my wishes, namely an Office
under the same roof, where I lodge; in a pleasant part of Walnut street, nearly opposite
to Dr: Rush, and my board in a private family; that family
also, my friend Mr: Rutter’s, where I have always been
treated with the kindness of a brother, and where I am sure of receiving every attention
& indulgence, which I could wish.1
Next to the hope of some day or other having a family, which may properly 85 be called my own, I have indulged none more ardently
than that of dwelling under the same roof with the one wherein I now am fixed. I
calculate on many accounts, that it will prove a more eligible situation, than the
former, and among others, that I shall be able to curtail many considerable expences,
which I could not help incurring in a lodging house. My Office rent is less & my
board cheaper. For all these advantages in favor of your Son, which the friendship of
Mrs: Rutter has procured, I hope you will do me the favor
to Send the two pounds of Cotton, which I have so often
troubled you about before & of which I gave you a sample.2
The good old lady Mrs: Jones, mother to
Mrs: Rutter, died on the 4th:
of this month, at her place in the Country, where she had lately gone to pass the
Summer.3 I went to her funeral and
witnessed the affliction of a numerous concourse of mourning relatives & friends. Of
ten children, nine were present, on the occasion, & paid the last tribute of respect
to the remains of a tender parent. I do not remember to have been more affected by any
instance of mortality, out of not occurring in my
own family. The infirmities of old age—& the decay of nature, more than any
particular disease, contributed to the removal of this worthy & respectable woman
from this sphere, and such was the purity of her life, that her surviving friends and
acquaintance, may indulge a rational belief, that death has translated her to a better
world.
I may associate with the preceding, the information of another
loss, which our City has sustained by the death of Mrs:
Bingham, of whose illness & long confinement you may have heard. After all hope of
her recovery was given over by her Physicians, the last prescription they could give
with a prospect of benefit or relief, was a voyage to some Southern climate. She was
accordingly embarked on board a ship, accompanied by her husband daughter & Sister
& a young Physician. The first effects of a change of air were very favorable &
flattered her friends, that her case was less desperate than they had imagined; she
sustained the voyage, however, very poorly, and Survived her arrival at Bermudas, but
three days. Mr: Bingham returned with the rest, a day or two
ago & was the first to announce the fatal tidings to the family of his deceased
lady, who, as you will readily suppose, are plunged, by this stroke of the fell
destroyer, into the abyss of woe & grief.4 Mrs: Bingham is said
to have borne her tediouss illness, with uncommon fortitude, & when hope had utterly
forsaken her own bosom, she displayed a perfect example of resignation. You will feel
for the distress of her family, on this mournful 86 occasion; for
whether he visit the palace or the Cottage, death is alike afflictive, and his
dispensations must excite our regret & command our sympathy whether are they be shared by the opulent or by the
indigent.5
About three weeks ago I happened, by accident, to hear that an
Execution had been levied upon the household furniture &ca: of Stuart the painter, and also upon his paintings, and that the sale was to
take place, at Germantown, on the same day that the information was communicated. I felt
alarmed for the safety of your portrait & my father’s, so I resolved to set off on
the pious & laudable expedition, to redeem my parents from “durance vile” and
ignominious bondage. I found however, upon my arrival, that my father’s picture had not
been seized or levied upon, but that your’s had, and upon my assurance, that the picture
was already paid for, the Sheriff consented to withdraw your representative, from the
fangs of the law.6 I left the portrait in
Stuart’s hands, but I have no idea it will ever be finished, unless you should stimulate
his attention, by a letter. There is no appearance of any thing more having been done
towards finishing the painting, than when I saw it a twelvemonth, or more, ago. I have
never said a word to him on the subject, for until he told me, I knew not that the
picture was paid for. Moreover I know he is an oddity & I never could deal with such
a character; for if men will take offence, when you exact from them, only justice &
fidelity, I never could discover wherein they differ from knaves. If you write a few
lines, of a complimentary nature to him, perhaps he may take it into his head to finish
your picture; but unless something is said to him on the subject, he never will put a
brush to it again. It so happened, that your picture was the only one seized, as it was
in his house & not in his stable, which he occupies as
his painting room. The debt for which this execution was taken out, was to an English
Creditor and of long standing— How soon he may be served with similar process, for debts
contracted here, is more than I can answer. I value your picture, quite as much as any
body in this part of the Country, and I shall endeavor to rescue it from future exposure
in this way.
I have received, of late, from my brother, many letters, the latest
of which is of March 29th: They are chiefly relative to
literary topic’s, but on the subject of his own affairs he has given me certain
instructions, that I shall find it difficult to comply with. The rate of Exchange is so
low at present, between this & London, that I cannot draw his money from thence,
without a sacrifice. I intend shortly to 87 make a remittance,
on his behalf, to Dr: Tufts, and leave it to his judgment,
how to invest it.
Present me kindly to my father & all friends. / Your Son
RC (Adams
Papers); addressed: “Mrs: A Adams. / Quincy”;
internal address: “Mrs: A Adams”; docketed: “T B A to A A
/ May 31st 1801.”
TBA moved his office from 161 Chestnut Street and
his lodgings from the house of Martha Roberts to the home of Philadelphia accountant
Samuel Rutter (ca. 1763–1809) and his wife, Sarah Jones Rutter, at 113 Walnut Street,
near the residence of Dr. Benjamin Rush, which stood at the corner of Walnut and 4th
Streets (vols. 13:471; 14:269, 270, 420;
Philadelphia Directory
, 1802,
p. 14, 211, Shaw-Shoemaker, No. 2893;
PHC:Philadelphia Yearly Meeting
Minutes, Record of Interments, 2:84).
For TBA’s order of cotton for Sarah Rutter, see vol. 14:468–469, 470.
Susanna Evans Jones (b. 1720) died at Merion, Penn., on 4 May
(Howard M. Jenkins, Historical Collections Relating to
Gwynedd, a Township of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 2d edn., Phila., 1897,
p. 158; Philadelphia Gazette, 16 May).
Anne Willing Bingham was suffering from consumption when she
departed Philadelphia on 14 April with her husband, William, daughter Maria Bingham de
Tilly, and sister Abigail Willing aboard the ship America, Capt. Wills. The vessel was bound for Hamburg, but the captain stood
ready “to put into any port agreeable to Mr. Bingham, the ill health of whose lady has
induced him to make this voyage.” The Binghams were accompanied by Dr. John Proudfit,
who joined the staff of the Philadelphia General Hospital later in the year. The party
disembarked in Bermuda, where Anne Bingham died on 11 May and was interred in the
cemetery of St. Peter’s Church. The rest of the Bingham family departed on 16 May on
the schooner Thetis, Capt. Webb, arriving in Philadelphia
on the 26th. The Philadelphia Gazette, 26 May, carried a
notice of Bingham’s death, while the Boston Columbian
Centinel, 6 June, printed an obituary of the 37-year-old, calling her
“distinguished by the elegance of her person and manners” and “the superior
accomplishments of her mind” (vols. 9:168, 14:147; David
Hackett Fischer, Liberty and Freedom, N.Y., 2005, p. 239;
Philadelphia Gazette of the United States, Philadelphia
Gazette, both 14 April;
TBA to AA, 26 April, above; Frederick P. Henry,
Founders’ Week Memorial Volume, Phila., 1909, p.
440–441; Margaret L. Brown, “Mr. and Mrs. William Bingham of Philadelphia: Rulers of
the Republican Court,”
PMHB
, 61:321 [July 1937]).
Horace, Odes, Book I, Ode iv, lines
13–14.
Philadelphia sheriff Israel Israel advertised in the Philadelphia
American Daily Advertiser, 8 May, that possessions of
artist Gilbert Stuart would be auctioned at his Germantown, Penn., studio on 11 May to
satisfy debts, and that sale items included household goods, kitchen furniture, books,
a horse, and “a number of PRINTS and PAINTINGS.” The advertisement was repeated in the
same newspaper on 11 May, the day TBA learned of the sale. A year earlier
AA had paid $100 toward her portrait, though it and Stuart’s portrait
of JA remained unfinished and in the artist’s possession until 1815 (vol.
14:xiii–xiv, 249).