Papers of John Adams, volume 21
th:1792
Your obliging favor of the 29th: of January, would not have remained so long unanswered, had
not sickness in my family of a long continuance and distressing nature
interrupted my inclination to acknowledge my obligations to you. The
“Anticipation” which you observe to have retarded an “heavy attack.” I do
not fully understand. Such is the constitution of the human mind, that
nations and other great bodies of men, can never be expected to have even
virtues but in extremes. The habit of praise as well as of blame runs
naturally to extravagance. I cannot vindicate every measure which you say is
a topick of censure; and if neither prevention nor remedy are in my power,
it would do no good for me to concur in the blame. I have read the hints
&c on an American excise; the Remarks on Toll-bridges and turnpike
Roads, and the consolatory Letter to an afflicted friend; and I think they
are proofs of a talent at composition which ought not to be neglected, of a
Judgement which will be respected, and of a virtuous disposition which
cannot but be loved and esteemed. If the Volumes you Received should afford
you any amusement, or occasion any new reflections, I shall be happy. They
were all written and printed, except the last letter of the last volume,
before the Constitution of the United States reached my hand. They lay open
all the sources of information on the subject, and if my own opinion
expressed in them is not well founded, the reader will know where to look
for facts, arguments and objections against it. I have seen no rational
attempt to confute my doctrines unless it be in a writer under the signature
of Philodemos, who finally rests his argument on this position, “that the
people of America are, and will continue to be, different in knowledge and
virtue from all other people who are or have been.”1 On this position I am willing to
rest it, and leave to time and experience the decision. If ambition and
avarice are not as strong in this Country, as in others, my observations
have been inaccurate. If intrigues and manuevres in Elections have not been
practised, and are not now practising, I have been misinformed; and if the
people are not every day deceived by artifice and falsehood, I have no
understanding. The share that has been assigned to me in publick affairs the
circumstances of my fortune and family, as well as my age, make me very
willing to resign to any 112 other,
who may possess more of the popular favor, or national confidence. The
Hozanna’s of blind Enthusiasts, I never covetted. The esteem of the wise and
the good will ever be dear to the heart of / Sir your obliged humble
servant
LbC in TBA’s hand (Adams Papers); internal
address: “Nathaniel Hazard Esqr:”; APM Reel 115.
JA referred to four essays that appeared
under the pseudonym Philodemos in the New York Daily Advertiser, 21, 28 June 1791 and 5, 26 July,
interrogating the tripartite balance of power as outlined by
JA in his
Defence of the Const.
and
defining the duties of popular sovereignty.
th.1792
I beg the enclosed may be read in your Honorable House.
My former Petitions, and other Papers respecting Mr. Churchmans Conduct, I have in my pocket, and wish they may be
read also
Your mo: obedt: / hble
servt:
ENCLOSURE
For the sake of Justice, and for the honor of your Country, hear my Complaints, and do me that justice, which every freeman, in a free Country is entituled to.— That I have discovered Longitude, is a truth, that I can easily prove, if I can but obtain an impartial hearing, face to face, with the Man, that would with Art and falshood deprive me of the Credit and benefit of my discovery, but which by your Justice of impartiality I can obtain.
While I understood, that he was to discover Longitude, by
the variation of the Compass, I only smiled at his ignorance; but when I
observed to Mr. Page, that I could ascertain the
Longitude, within a quarter of a degree, by the dipping needle, as certainly
as he could a whole degree, by the variation of the Compass; as the
Inclination of the Load Stone, was four times as much as its declination.
True says Mr: Page, but he is to take a dipping
needle with him.2 Then, said
I, he intends to find out Longitude, by my plan, & give assurance that
he did it by his own.
Surely the Representatives, of the Freemen of North America, will not suffer such fraud to prevail, but will do justice, to every one 113 of their fellow Citizens, according to their veracity, and abilities— Your compliance with this request, will do honor to yourselves, and justice to / Your most obedient & / very humble Servant
N: B. I do not wish to obtain Sea Otters and Seal Skins &c by deceiving my Country; nor to run it to the expence of such a Voyage, My only desire is, to be sent a passenger to France, in the Character of a Gentleman, that I may have an opportunity, by crossing the Atlantic, to prove my allegations, and to make the second discovery of my improvement, to your good Ally the King of the French—
I am respectfully, Yours as above,—
RC and enclosure: (DNA:RG 46,
Records of the U.S. Senate); addressed: “The President / of the Senate /
of the United states / of / North America.”; docketed: “2d Con: 1st:
Sess: / John McPherson / Letter / March
19th / 1792”; enclosure addressed “The
President and other / Gentlemen of the Senate of / the United states /
of North / America.”
Macpherson (1726–1792), a Scottish privateer who
immigrated to Philadelphia and in 1785 published the city directory,
frequently assailed his U.S. government contacts with various requests,
policy ideas, and scientific endeavors, such as this plan to determine
longitude at sea. JA routed Macpherson’s petitions to
Congress, including one of 27 Dec. 1791 relating to Native American
diplomacy in the Northwest Territory. JA also forwarded
Macpherson’s 2 April 1792 petition to the Senate seeking compensation
for service in the Revolutionary War. Macpherson was engaged in a
lengthy disagreement with Maryland surveyor John Churchman Jr. regarding
the invention of a method to ascertain longitude at sea (vol. 19:90–92; Washington, Papers,
Presidential Series
, 4:148, 7:528–529; DNA: RG 46,
Records of the U.S. Senate).
John Page (1743–1808), William and Mary 1763,
represented Virginia in the House of Representatives from 1789 to 1797
(
Biog. Dir. Cong.
).