Papers of John Adams, volume 21
You are indeed very kind in expressing your wish to hear
from me, when all I can do is to ask favours. As You mention your readiness
to assist me with respect to arrangements in the Post Office, I will take the liberty to inform you of our
situation in that respect.
The state Post goes no farther than from Philadelphia to
Reading, and Mr Williamson of the [Genasee]
undertakes to carry the letters farther.1 Btween both we now pay 1s. 6d for a single
letter, and 1 1/2 Cent for a News paper; whereas a while ago the former
charge was 1S, and the latter 1 Cent— Besides the Post Master at Reading is
341 much complained of for inattention to
the duties of his place, and to my certain experience justly.
Now I am persuaded that if the state could undertake to
bring the letters to this place, if the post was regular, and the charge
moderate, it would answer very well. At present the charge is so high, and
the conveyance so uncertain, and tedious, that all persons take every
opportunity of sending letters by private hands; when, if the case was
different, they would all prefer the regular post. But tho there should for
the present be some loss to the state, it would not be of long continuance,
and the gain in one place should compensate for the loss in another. Could
we have a Coach, or a coachée, to carry parcells, and passengers, as well as letters, it would be a great
convenience and benefit to the country, and in time would pay for any
reasonable expence attending it. We sometimes talk of petitioning the
legislature on the subject. Could you give us any assistance in the
business, you would confer a great obligation on us who are so much
interested in the conveyance of letters and small parcells.
It is, indeed, Sir as you observe an aweful crisis in which we live. What I think on the subject you
will see in the Sermon to which I referred you. One extreme naturally
produces another. But I flatter myself that since truth and right have a great
advantage over their opposites, the present conflict of opinions, and of
arms, will terminate in a better system than any that has hitherto
prevailed. But the struggle I fear will be extensive and dreadful Happy they
who, looking to an overruling providence, can calmly wait the issue,
endeavouring to lessen prejudice and violence on all sides, and contribute
what they can to enlighten the minds, and improve the morals of their fellow
creatures.
With the greatest respect, I am, / Dear Sir, / yours sincerely
RC (Adams Papers).
The Postal Act of 20 Feb. 1792 had established the
U.S. Post Office as a cabinet department, but regulatory oversight and
timely delivery of mail remained a challenge. Stage coaches traveled the
main post road from Maine to Virginia three times per week, and southern
routes depended on individual riders. Priestley wrote in the months
before the new terms of the Postal Act of 8 May 1794 took effect, which
largely addressed his complaints. That legislation made the U.S. Post
Office a permanent federal entity, authorizing the appointment of letter
carriers and the distribution of magazines and pamphlets. The act also
barred private competitors from delivering mail (
AFC
, 9:95; Carl H. Scheele, A Short History of the Mail Service,
Washington, D.C., 1970, p. 66, 67; Stephen W. Stathis, Landmark Legislation, 1774–2012: Major U.S. Acts
and Treaties, 2d edn., Los Angeles, Calif., 2014, p. 18). See
also Descriptive List
of Illustrations, No. 8, above.