1844-1964
Guide to the Collection
Restrictions on Access
The Blake-Hubbard family papers are stored offsite and must be requested at least two business days in advance via Portal1791. Researchers needing more than six items from offsite storage should provide additional advance notice. If you have questions about requesting materials from offsite storage, please contact the reference desk at 617-646-0532 or reference@masshist.org.
Abstract
The Blake-Hubbard papers consist primarily of the papers of inventor Francis Blake, his wife Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake, their son Benjamin Sewall Blake, and grandsons Francis Blake, Jr. and Benjamin Sewall Blake, Jr. Also included are papers of Elizabeth Hubbard Blake's father, Charles T. Hubbard, and mother Louisa B. Sewall Hubbard. The collection includes family correspondence; papers relating to the philanthropy and interests of Francis Blake, including photography; Harvard alumni materials of Benjamin Sewall Blake; and papers relating to the family's finances and the Keewaydin estate.
Biographical Sketches
These brief biographical sketches highlight the individuals most prominently represented within the collection.
Charles Townsend Hubbard (1817-1887), a wealthy manufacturer and landowner in Newton, Massachusetts, married Louisa Bowman Sewall (1821-1853) in 1845. Together they had four children: Louise (Louisa) Sewall Hubbard (b. 1846), who married first John Cotton Jackson and second Ferdinand Eugene Canda; Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard (1849-1941), who married Francis Blake; Mary Hubbard (1848-1849); and Charlotte Wright Hubbard (1851-1944), who married Benjamin Loring Young. Charles Townsend Hubbard married for the second time in 1855 to Elizabeth Blair Wells, and together they had two children: Charles Wells Hubbard (1856-1933), who married Anne Laurens Swann; and Anne Hubbard (b. 1858), who married Bancroft Chandler Davis.
Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake (1849-1941) was the second eldest daughter of Charles T. Hubbard and his first wife Louisa. She married Francis Blake (1850-1913) in 1874, and they were first supported by her family in the early years of their marriage; it was Hubbard family land gifted to the couple upon which they built the family estate, Keewaydin. Elizabeth maintained correspondences with her many family members and was addressed by nieces and nephews as "Aunt Lise." Elizabeth and Francis had two children: Agnes Blake (b. 1876), who married Stephen Salisbury Fitzgerald in 1906; and Benjamin Sewall Blake (1877-1959), who married Ruth Field in 1908 and had Francis, Ruth, Benjamin, Elizabeth, and Joan Blake.
Francis Blake (1850-1913) was born in Needham, Massachusetts, the son of Caroline Burling Trumbull and Francis Blake, Sr. Known widely as the inventor of the Blake Transmitter for telephone communications, Blake was also a respected physicist and experimental photographer, worked on the United States Coast Survey from his teenage years through early adulthood (1866-1878), and was responsible for the design of his elaborate family estate, Keewaydin, in Weston, Massachusetts. He married Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard (1849-1941), and together they had two children.
Benjamin Sewall Blake (1877-1959) was raised at Keewaydin and attended the Williams School in Newton, Massachusetts. In 1889, he struggled to get into Harvard, failing on his first attempt, but found a place in the class of 1901 thanks to his father's intercession. Although not a scholar, Benjamin graduated with his class and was a member of the Hasty Pudding Club. He was also heavily involved in reunion activities throughout the 1940s and 1950s. He was involved with the First Corps Cadets, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, for several years and served in the Massachusetts State Guard during World War I. In 1908, Benjamin married Ruth Amelia Field (1882-1963) and had five children. Like his father, Francis Blake, he was interested in forestry and arboriculture, which is reflected in his involvement with the Arnold Arboretum.
Francis Blake, Jr. (1909-1982) was one of five children born to Benjamin Sewall Blake and his wife Ruth Field Blake. A Harvard-educated businessman who both traveled and lived abroad, Blake married Caroline Amory Hunnewell (1915-2017) in 1936. Together they had four children: Francis, Caroline, Ruth, and John.
Restrictions on Access
The Blake-Hubbard family papers are stored offsite and must be requested at least two business days in advance via Portal1791. Researchers needing more than six items from offsite storage should provide additional advance notice. If you have questions about requesting materials from offsite storage, please contact the reference desk at 617-646-0532 or reference@masshist.org.
Collection Description
The collection is housed in 4 record cartons, stored offsite, and arranged into six series, some with additional subseries. The collection as a whole contains correspondence among family members regarding personal matters and the administration of family funds, materials related to the family estate, and materials related the social, civic, philanthropic, academic, and business pursuits of individual family members. The series and subseries are as follows:
Series I contains the papers of businessman Charles T. Hubbard (1817-1887) and his wife Louisa B. Sewall Hubbard (1821-1853).
Series II contains the papers of Francis Blake (1850-1913) and Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake (1849-1941), daughter of Charles T. Hubbard and Louisa B. Sewall Hubbard. Series II is divided into four subseries: the papers of Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake (Subseries A), the papers of Francis Blake (Subseries B), the papers of their daughter Agnes Blake (Series C), and papers relating to George Ripley, a Blake family cousin whom Francis Blake supported monetarily during Ripley's struggles with alcoholism (Series D).
Series III contains the papers of Benjamin Sewall Blake (1877-1959), his wife Ruth A. Blake Field (1882-1963), and their daughter Joan Blake (1928-1964).
Series IV contains the papers of Francis Blake, Jr. (1909-1982) and his wife Caroline Amory Hunnewell Blake (1915-2017).
Series V contains letters written between Hubbard and Blake family members to their Dyer cousins over multiple decades and generations.
Series VI primarily consists of wills and trusts of the Blake and Hubbard families, as well as materials relating to the family estate, Keewaydin, in Weston, Massachusetts.
Acquisition Information
Portions of the Francis Blake materials were acquired at auction in 2018, while the remainder of the collection came to the MHS as gift from the daughter of Francis Blake, Jr., Caroline Hunnewell Blake Whitney, in January 2020.
Detailed Description of the Collection
I. Charles T. Hubbard and Louisa B. Sewall Hubbard papers, 1844-1924
This series contains papers of businessman Charles T. Hubbard (1817-1887) and his wife Louisa B. Sewall Hubbard (1821-1853), the parents of Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake. Papers consist primarily of correspondence to the couple, as well as letters to Louisa from her father, her brother Gilbert, her sister Elizabeth, and between the siblings. Also included are six pocket diaries kept by Charles T. Hubbard from 1848 to 1882; four unattributed travel diaries from a trip to Italy, probably kept by Louisa or Elizabeth Hubbard; a scientific essay by Charles; and a commonplace-book with clippings and poems attributed to a member of the Hubbard family.
Sewall-Hubbard correspondence, 1844-1924
Charles T. Hubbard scientific article, 1913
Charles T. Hubbard diaries, 1848-1882
Charles T. Hubbard's diaries contain entries pertaining to his daily life, including weather, visitors, physical activities such as gardening, intellectual pursuits such as reading, and the lives and health of his family. The 1859 diary includes jokes, riddles, and poems written at the back. Some diaries also include household accounting and miscellaneous calculations.
Diary, 1848
Diary, 1857
Diary, 1859
Diary, 1862
Diary, 1863-1864
Diary, 1882
Unattributed travel diaries, undated
These four numbered diaries were kept by an unidentified member of the Hubbard family, likely Louise (Louisa) Hubbard or Elizabeth Hubbard, during a family trip to Italy. The diaries include traditional entries detailing sightseeing and social activities, as well as names and addresses, trip accounting and bookkeeping, some pencil sketches, and a list of Italian saints.
Vol. 1, undated
Vol. 2, undated
Vol. 3, undated
Vol. 4, undated
Unattributed commonplace-book, undated
II. Francis Blake and Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake papers, 1866-1952
Series II contains the papers of Francis Blake (1850-1913) and Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake (1849-1941), daughter of Charles T. Hubbard and Louisa B. Sewall Hubbard. The series consists primarily of family correspondence and materials related to the business, leisure, and financial pursuits of Francis Blake. This series also contains the papers of Francis and Elizabeth's daughter Agnes Blake Fitzgerald (1876-1964), as well as papers related to a Blake family cousin, George Ripley, for whom Francis Blake provided monetarily when Ripley struggled with alcoholism and spent time in an institution.
A. Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake papers, 1881-1952
This subseries contains the papers of Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake, primarily letters to Elizabeth from family and friends, and occasionally to Francis Blake, as well. Many letters, primarily those from the Hubbard, Dyer, Tudor, and Payson branches of the family, address Elizabeth as "Aunt Lise." Letters from Elizabeth's brother-in-law Ferdinand Canda relate to the health of her sister, Louise (Louisa) Jackson Canda.
Hubbard family correspondence, 1881-1889, 1903-1906, 1915-1922, 1927-1952
Ferdinand Canda correspondence, 1918-1919
Tudor family correspondence, 1882-1922
Payson family correspondence, 1882, 1903-1921
Elizabeth Blake Boston Athenaeum membership, 1922
Elizabeth Blake painting restoration, 1935
B. Francis Blake papers, 1866-1942
This subseries contains the papers of inventor Francis Blake (1850-1913), primarily financial papers related to purchases and philanthropy, as well as Blake's time as a selectman for the town of Weston, Massachusetts. Also included are materials related to his memberships in various clubs and associations, a notebook of lens and shutter specifications, and scientific publications. Companies corresponded with include Zeiss lenses.
Longwood drawn by Francis Blake, 1866
This map of the Longwood area was drawn by Francis Blake at the age of sixteen.
Town of Weston, 1904-1910
Blake's time as a selectman in Weston, Massachusetts, included the 1904 murder of Mabel Page; correspondence about the case is included with his town materials.
A poster offering a reward for information in the Mabel Page case, sponsored by the town select board, including Blake, has been removed and cataloged separately. Catalog record available at: http://balthazaar.masshist.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=226239.
Financial and estate papers, 1903-1915
These papers relate to the finances of Francis Blake and include estate materials, records of purchases and philanthropic giving, and solicitations of assistance.
Financial and estate papers, general, 1907-1912
This general correspondence relates to financial activities of Francis Blake, including the Keewaydin family estate and associated personnel.
Purchases, 1903-1912
Included are papers relating to purchases made by Francis Blake. Of interest is correspondence with the Carl Zeiss firm.
Library Co., 1903-1907, undated
Bookbinding, 1904-1911, undated
Zeiss, 1904, 1910, undated
Waltham Watch Co., 1910-1912
Scientific instruments, 1911-1912
Philanthropy, 1908-1915
Included are papers relating to the philanthropy of Francis Blake, both given and solicited. Blake's philanthropy extended from the personal to the institutional, including assistance in establishing Okolona Industrial College and Lowry Institute, both educational institutions founded for African American students in the American South. He provided for struggling mathematician Charles S. Peirce towards the end of his life, and correspondence from Peirce is included. Blake's financial assistance was solicited by Julian Hawthorne for a nonexistent silver mine, part of a larger fraud for which Hawthorne ultimately served prison time.
Juliana Emery, 1908-1912
Charles S. Peirce, 1908-1912
Fireman's Relief, 1912
Okolona Industrial College, 1912
Lowry Institute, 1915
Julian Hawthorne (solicitation), 1908
Solicitations (miscellaneous), 1903-1908
Miscellaneous legal and financial papers, 1904-1911
Telephone and telegraph papers, 1900-1913
Mechanical drawing for telephone battery, 1900
Scientific publications, undated.
These publications were sent to Francis Blake.
Francis Blake publishing pursuits, 1913
Associations, clubs, and memberships, 1890-1942
Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1910-1911
American Antiquarian Society, 1912
Boston Camera Club, 1909
Harvard College, 1890
Colonial Society, 1904-1910
Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, 1912
Now known as Historic New England.
Maritime Museum, 1910
Metropolitan Improvement League, 1910
Monday Whist Club, 1892-1903
Museum of Natural History, 1912
Somerset Club, 1894-1942, undated
Included are materials relating to the membership of Francis Blake's son, Benjamin Sewall Blake.
St. Botolph's Club, 1903-1912
Thursday Evening Club, 1902, undated
Miscellaneous club menus, 1898, undated
Mailings and publications, 1872-1904, undated
American Bar Association, 1894
Edward Atkinson mailings, 1898-1904
Boston Society of Natural History, 1902
Conservatoire de Paris, 1872
Harvard during the War, undated
Thomas Saunders obituary, 1911
Miscellaneous correspondence and papers, 1903-1912
Included are papers not related to any of the companies or interests listed here.
Volumes, 1881, undated
Lens and shutters book, undated
Edison, Blake, Chinnock Cases 2 & 3, 1881
Edison, Blake, Chinnock Cases 4, 5, 6, B3, 1881
Control of Technological Advance, undated
C. Agnes Blake papers, 1886-1926
This subseries contains the papers of Agnes Blake (1876-1964), daughter of Francis and Elizabeth, who married Stephen Salisbury Fitzgerald. The papers are primarily correspondence, writings, and sketches from her adolescence and early school years.
Correspondence, 1901-1926
Writings and sketches, 1886-1895, undated
Miscellaneous papers, undated
D. George Ripley papers, 1910-1916
This subseries contains papers related to George Ripley, a Blake cousin facing business and personal hardship who was assisted monetarily by Francis Blake. Some of the letters are written by George Ripley and reflect a hand injury. The remainder of the correspondence is between Francis Blake and Pinkerton's Detective Agency, which Blake employed at one point to locate his cousin, and between Blake and one of his legal and financial advisers about the anonymous allowance dispensed to his cousin. The financial correspondence includes a couple of letters with Elizabeth Blake after her husband's death.
George Ripley correspondence, 1910-1912
This correspondence was written by Ripley.
Pinkerton correspondence relating to George Ripley, 1910-1912
Financial correspondence relating to George Ripley, 1912-1916
III. Benjamin Sewall Blake and Ruth Amelia Field Blake family papers, 1886-1960
Series III contains the papers of Benjamin Sewall Blake (1877-1959) and the papers of his wife, Ruth Amelia Field Blake (1882-1963), primarily family correspondence and materials related to Benjamin Sewall Blake's involvement with reunion activities of the Harvard Class of 1901.
A. Benjamin Sewall Blake, Sr. papers, 1881-1952
Benjamin Sewall Blake, Sr.'s papers include both family and financial correspondence and a large amount of material related to his alumni activities as part of Harvard University's Class of 1901. The series also contains materials related to his military service, his time as Tree Warden for the town of Weston, and his memberships in clubs and societies, including the Laurel Brook Club, the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and the Santee Club. Additionally, there are materials related to the Arnold Arboretum and associated land lawsuits, as well as two of Blake's lab notebooks. Two handwritten notes from Benjamin and Ruth's daughter Joan Blake (1928-1964) to her father are also included in his papers.
Family correspondence, 1886-1892, 1928-1933, 1944-1945, 1949-1955
Miscellaneous correspondence and papers, 1908-1947
Financial and philanthropic papers, 1914-1958
Vermont property papers (summer home), 1930-1949
Papers related to military service, 1908-1927
Company A rosters, 1905, undated
Tree Warden for Town of Weston, 1927-1931, undated
Arnold Arboretum, 1956-1959
Arnold Arboretum printed material, 1954-1955
Laurel Brook Club membership, 1941-1954, undated
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 1914
Santee Club membership, 1940-1948
Santee Club printed material, 1945, undated
Miscellaneous social clubs, 1925-1947
Harvard Class of 1901, 1943-1958, undated
These papers relate to Benjamin Sewall Blake, Sr.'s extensive involvement with Harvard Class of 1901 reunion activities.
Harvard Class of 1901 reunion songbooks, 1926, undated
Benjamin Sewall Blake lab notebook vol. 1, undated
This volume, one of two, is a lab notebook probably kept by Benjamin Sewall Blake during his studies.
Benjamin Sewall Blake lab notebook vol. 2, undated
This volume, two of two, is a lab notebook probably kept by Benjamin Sewall Blake during his studies.
B. Ruth Amelia Field Blake papers, 1901-1960
The papers of Ruth A. Field Blake consist chiefly of letters from Henry Poor and Benjamin Blake, as well as a travel diary kept on a trip to England in 1960.
Correspondence, 1901-1904, 1919, undated
Travel diary, 1960
This diary was kept by Ruth A. Field Blake on a trip to England from 28 June to 21 July 1960. Her entries describe visiting with friends and family members, including her son Benjamin Sewall Blake, Jr.; Caroline (likely her daughter-in-law or her granddaughter); Ruthie (likely her granddaughter); Francis (either her son or her grandson); John (possibly her grandson or a family friend); and a woman named Barbara. Entries also document sightseeing activities. Ruth stayed mainly in Oxford, as well as in Cirencester, in the Cotswolds. She also described a highlight of her trip, seeing the Henley Royal Regatta, in Henley-on-Thames.
IV. Francis Blake, Jr. and Caroline Amory Hunnewell Blake papers, 1909-1954
Series IV contains family correspondence and personal papers of Francis Blake, Jr. (1909-1982) and his wife Caroline Amory Hunnewell Blake (1915-2017).
A. Family correspondence, 1919-1954
Family correspondence is primarily between Francis and his family while he was away at school in his youth, as well as social correspondence and invitations through his college years and engagement to Caroline. A small group of letters, written by Caroline, documents their relationship from their engagement in 1936, through Francis's World War II service and deployment, and up to the 1950s and Caroline's travels abroad with two of their five children.
B. Francis Blake, Jr. papers, 1901-1960
The papers of Francis Blake, Jr. (1909-1982) include materials related to Francis's travels in Europe in the 1930s and his Harvard law school admission and re-admission, as well as business correspondence. A baby book from 1909 is also included.
Business correspondence with Walter "Doc" Channing, 1934-1935
Business correspondence and receipts, 1931-1938, undated
Social correspondence, 1925-1936, 1952, undated
Social invitations, 1932-1936, undated
Delphic Club, 1932-1933
Hasty Pudding, undated
Signet Society, 1932
Miscellaneous social papers, [1920s], 1934-1935
Travels in Europe, June-October 1931
Travels in Europe - correspondence, undated
Travels in Europe - ephemera, undated
School papers, 1927, undated
Harvard College and Harvard Law School admission and re-admission papers, 1928-1932
Harvard graduation booklet, 1931
Harvard Business School and Alumni Association, 1931
Court appearances for speeding and automobile violations, 1933
W1HUP radio station card, [1930s]
Baby book, 1909
C. Caroline Amory Hunnewell Blake travel diary, 1935, 1938
This diary was kept by Caroline Amory Hunnewell Blake (1915-2017) during a trip to Europe from 31 July to 16 October 1935 and a trip down the East Coast of the United States in October 1938. The leather-bound volume contains her trip to Europe and some of her trip in the United States, while a notebook insert in a separate folder contains a rewrite and continuation of the second trip.
Traveling with two friends, both named Jane, and her cousins Lillian and Theodore, she visits many destinations in France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, and Germany. Entries record her impressions of the landscapes, historical sites, and peoples of the countries she visits, travel accommodations and food, and various activities such as driving, shopping, swimming, biking, and going to the movies. An extended stay in Paris towards the end of the trip includes sightseeing and shopping. Blake also discusses politics and current events, such as the League of Nations, attending a talk on opium, the assassination of Huey Long, the impending invasion of Ethiopia by Italy, and the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, including observing Hitler Youth and Nazi flags and speaking with a local hotel manager about the German middle class. While away, she corresponds with friends and family back home, including her eventual husband Frank (Francis Blake, Jr.).
Her entries for her 1938 trip, taken with her husband Frank, mostly include her observations of the landscapes they traveled through; cities and towns visited, including Williamsburg, Virginia; hotels and accommodations; and interactions with strangers and friends. In New England, she notes flood damage from the 1938 New England hurricane, and in the South the growing of cotton and tobacco and a visit to the Lucky Strike cigarette factory. In White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, she mentions that her husband Frank drank both "White & Black" spring water. A fragment of correspondence has been removed from this booklet and placed behind it in the same folder.
V. Dyer family correspondence, 1852-1956, undated
Series V contains letters written between Hubbard and Blake family members and their Dyer cousins over multiple decades and generations. These letters concern family matters, as well as the distribution of family funds. Primary correspondents include Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake and Benjamin Sewall Blake.
Correspondence, 1852-1956, undated
VI. Financial, legal, and estate papers, 1881-1958, undated
Series VI primarily consists of wills and trusts of the Blake and Hubbard families, as well as materials relating to the family estate, Keewaydin, in Weston, Massachusetts, and various other properties. The series includes horticultural materials for the gardens at Keewaydin, results of milk testing at Keewaydin farm, and materials relating to the waterworks at Keewaydin. Of interest is a letter from Frederick Law Olmstead, seemingly responding to Francis Blake's solicitation of advice on tree planting.
Will of Elizabeth Livermore Hubbard Blake, 1881
Wills and trusts, 1932, 1941-1944, 1954-1958, undated
Papers relating to Keewaydin family estate, 1884-1957, undated
Gardens at Keewaydin, 1884-1957
Included is a letter from Frederick Law Olmsted.
Keewaydin Farm milk testing, 1930-1938
Horticultural receipts, 1941-1946, undated
Printed horticultural materials, 1903-1904, undated
Keewaydin miscellaneous, 1890, undated
Keewaydin financial and tax materials, 1905-1906
Keewaydin insurance, 1894-1906
Keewaydin eminent domain case, 1950-1957
Keewaydin waterworks, 1898-1917, 1932-1956, undated
Materials related to other Blake family properties, 1912-1926, 1949-1958
Miscellaneous financial and legal papers, 1906-1957, undated
Preferred Citation
Blake-Hubbard family papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.
Access Terms
This collection is indexed under the following headings in ABIGAIL, the online catalog of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Researchers desiring materials about related persons, organizations, or subjects should search the catalog using these headings.
Persons:
Organizations:
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Items Removed from the Collection
Photographs from this collection have been removed to the Blake family photographs (Photo. Coll. 39).
The following items have been removed and cataloged separately: a graphic of Ludlow Manufacturing and a poster offering a reward for information in the Mabel Page case.